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Publication
Itinerário técnico da cultura do milho para grão e determinação de custos de produção na herdade da Courela do Paço
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O estágio foi realizado na Herdade da Courela do Paço, em Elvas, onde a empresa
AgroElvas cultivou 4,5 ha de milho para grão, durante o ano de 2020. O estágio
teve como objetivo acompanhar o itinerário técnico da cultura e posteriormente
efetuar a determinação dos custos de produção (unitário e total). O itinerário
técnico iniciou-se a 16 de maio de 2020 com a preparação do solo, tendo a
sementeira em linhas ocorrido a 18 de maio. Semeou-se a variedade de ciclo médio
(FAO 500) designada P0937, da firma Pionner. A densidade de sementeira foi de
91.000 sementes/ha, do que se estima ter resultado uma população de 85.000
plantas/ha, suficiente para uma boa produção. A fertilização seguiu um esquema fixo
definido pelo agricultor. A rega, por gravidade, consumiu 6.200 m3/ha. Os
tratamentos fitossanitários foram todos preventivos, maioritariamente a doses
reduzidas. Durante os meses de junho a outubro fez-se um acompanhamento
semanal da cultura, no qual se registou a evolução dos estados fenológicos, tendose observado que a cultura se desenvolveu sem problemas. A colheita, realizada a
17 de outubro de 2020, permitiu obter uma produção unitária de 12.450 kg/ha.
Como o agricultor armazena, em instalações próprias, e vende o milho diretamente
ao consumidor final, mais tarde que os restantes produtores, consegue obter um
preço superior ao de mercado, atingindo 230 €/ton. Apesar de alguma tecnologia
de produção ser passível de melhoria, nomeadamente a fertilização, a rega e o
controlo fitossanitário, o agricultor consegue obter uma margem bruta (1.193 €/ha)
muito superior ao verificado noutros estudos. No final do trabalho são efetuadas
algumas propostas de melhoria e feita a recomendação de efetuar anualmente o
cálculo da conta de cultura (custos e receitas) para aferir da rentabilidade da cultura
de milho-grão nestas condições de produção.
The internship was held at Herdade da Courela do Paço, in Elvas, where the company AgroElvas cultivated 4.5 ha of corn for grain, during 2020. The internship aimed to monitor the technical itinerary of the crop and subsequently make the determination production costs (unit and total). The technical itinerary began on May 16, 2020 with soil preparation, with sowing in rows taking place on May 18. The medium cycle variety (FAO 500) designated P0937, from Pioneer, was sown. The sowing density was 91,000 seeds/ha, which is estimated to have resulted in a population of 85,000 plants/ha, sufficient for good production. Fertilization followed a fixed schedule defined by the farmer. Irrigation, by gravity, consumed 6,200 m3/ha. Phytosanitary treatments were all preventive, mostly at reduced doses. During the months of June to October, a weekly monitoring of the crop was carried out, in which the evolution of the phenological states was registered, and it was observed that the crop developed without any problems. The harvest, carried out on October 17, 2020, allowed to obtain a unit production of 12,450 kg/ha. As the farmer stores, in his own facilities, and sells corn directly to the final consumer, later than the other producers, he manages to obtain a price higher than the market price, reaching €230/ton. Although some production technology can be improved, namely fertilization, irrigation and phytosanitary control, the farmer manages to obtain a gross margin (1,193 €/ha) much higher than that verified in other studies. At the end of the work, some improvement proposals are made and a recommendation is made to annually calculate the crop account (costs and revenues) to assess the profitability of the corn-grain crop under these production conditions.
The internship was held at Herdade da Courela do Paço, in Elvas, where the company AgroElvas cultivated 4.5 ha of corn for grain, during 2020. The internship aimed to monitor the technical itinerary of the crop and subsequently make the determination production costs (unit and total). The technical itinerary began on May 16, 2020 with soil preparation, with sowing in rows taking place on May 18. The medium cycle variety (FAO 500) designated P0937, from Pioneer, was sown. The sowing density was 91,000 seeds/ha, which is estimated to have resulted in a population of 85,000 plants/ha, sufficient for good production. Fertilization followed a fixed schedule defined by the farmer. Irrigation, by gravity, consumed 6,200 m3/ha. Phytosanitary treatments were all preventive, mostly at reduced doses. During the months of June to October, a weekly monitoring of the crop was carried out, in which the evolution of the phenological states was registered, and it was observed that the crop developed without any problems. The harvest, carried out on October 17, 2020, allowed to obtain a unit production of 12,450 kg/ha. As the farmer stores, in his own facilities, and sells corn directly to the final consumer, later than the other producers, he manages to obtain a price higher than the market price, reaching €230/ton. Although some production technology can be improved, namely fertilization, irrigation and phytosanitary control, the farmer manages to obtain a gross margin (1,193 €/ha) much higher than that verified in other studies. At the end of the work, some improvement proposals are made and a recommendation is made to annually calculate the crop account (costs and revenues) to assess the profitability of the corn-grain crop under these production conditions.
Description
Keywords
Milho-Grão Alentejo Regadio Corn-grain irrigation