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Ruralidade e Sentimento de (In)segurança: os casos de Mértola e Odemira
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Abstract(s)
Nas últimas décadas, como as estatísticas nos indicam, tem-se observado um
envelhecimento acentuado da população portuguesa (tabela 1), consequência natural do
aumento da esperança média de vida (tabela 2) e da redução da natalidade (tabela 3). A
par deste acontecimento, surge também a tendência para a concentração populacional nas
grandes áreas metropolitanas de Lisboa e Porto, o que pressupõe a desertificação das
áreas rurais do país.
Geograficamente, o meio rural apresenta-se em pequenas ou médias povoações,
envolvidas pela natureza, e a sua demografia caracteriza-se pelo envelhecimento
populacional. São muitos os idosos que vivem em condições de isolamento extremo, sem
vizinhança próxima e, por isso, com uma grande exposição a potenciais perigos.
De acordo com estas características populacionais, considera-se pertinente o estudo
do sentimento de insegurança nas áreas rurais. Acresce-se ainda a diferença inerente a
cada realidade, o que suscita a pertinência em estabelecer uma comparação entre dois
concelhos distintos.
Assim, para a presente investigação, são considerados os concelhos de Mértola e
Odemira, ambos localizados na região do Alentejo, com vista ao estudo dos seus níveis
de sentimento de insegurança, e o modo como o papel das forças de segurança é
percecionado pela população idosa que habita em situação de isolamento. O objetivo do
estudo traduz-se na seguinte questão de partida: De que forma a ruralidade e o isolamento
das populações contribui para o seu sentimento de (in)segurança?
Para alcançar o objetivo proposto recorreu-se à aplicação de inquéritos por
questionário às forças de segurança locais e a profissionais da área social que estabelecem
contacto frequente com a população em estudo. Foi também realizada uma pesquisa de
campo que possibilitou o contacto direto com algumas destas pessoas, assim como a
observação da dinâmica da ação social a si dirigida.
Através deste método apurou-se um sentimento de insegurança mais elevado no
concelho de Odemira e confirmou-se, também, a relevância que as forças de segurança e
os serviços sociais têm na sua manutenção em ambas as realidades.
In the last decades, as statistics tell us, there as been a marked aging of the portuguese population (table 1), the natural consequence of the increase in the average life expectancy (table 2) and birth rate reduction (table 3). Along with this event, there is also a trend towards population concentration in the large metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto, which presupposes the desertification of rural areas of the country. Geographically, rural area is found in small medium-sized settlements, surrounded by nature, and its demography is characterized by population aging. There are many aging people living in extreme isolation, with no close neighborhood and therefore with great exposure to potencitial dangers. According to these population characteristics, it is considered relevant to study the feeling of insecurity in rural areas. In addition, there is the difference inherent in each reality, which raises the relevance to establish a comparison between two different municipalities. So, for the present investigation, are considered the municipalities of Mértola and Odemira, both located in the Alentejo region, with the purpose to study their levels of feeling of insecurity, and the way the role of security forces is perceived by the elderly population that lives in isolation. The purpose of the study can be summarized in the follow starting question: How rurality and isolation of populations contribute to their feeling of (in)security? In order to achieve the proposed objective, questionnaires were applied to the local security forces, and to social workers who establish frequent contact with the studied population. A field survey was also carried out, which enabled direct contact with some of these people, as well the observation of the dynamics of social action directed at itself. Through this method, a higher level of insecurity was detected in the municipality of Odemira, and it was also confirmed the relevance that the security forces and social services have in their maintenance in both realities.
In the last decades, as statistics tell us, there as been a marked aging of the portuguese population (table 1), the natural consequence of the increase in the average life expectancy (table 2) and birth rate reduction (table 3). Along with this event, there is also a trend towards population concentration in the large metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto, which presupposes the desertification of rural areas of the country. Geographically, rural area is found in small medium-sized settlements, surrounded by nature, and its demography is characterized by population aging. There are many aging people living in extreme isolation, with no close neighborhood and therefore with great exposure to potencitial dangers. According to these population characteristics, it is considered relevant to study the feeling of insecurity in rural areas. In addition, there is the difference inherent in each reality, which raises the relevance to establish a comparison between two different municipalities. So, for the present investigation, are considered the municipalities of Mértola and Odemira, both located in the Alentejo region, with the purpose to study their levels of feeling of insecurity, and the way the role of security forces is perceived by the elderly population that lives in isolation. The purpose of the study can be summarized in the follow starting question: How rurality and isolation of populations contribute to their feeling of (in)security? In order to achieve the proposed objective, questionnaires were applied to the local security forces, and to social workers who establish frequent contact with the studied population. A field survey was also carried out, which enabled direct contact with some of these people, as well the observation of the dynamics of social action directed at itself. Through this method, a higher level of insecurity was detected in the municipality of Odemira, and it was also confirmed the relevance that the security forces and social services have in their maintenance in both realities.
Description
Keywords
Meio rural Isolamento Sentimento de insegurança Forças de segurança Prevenção policial