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Importunação sexual nos espaços públicos em Portugal: análise das perceções das seniores portuguesas residentes na freguesia de Vila Franca de Xira
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Abstract(s)
A problemática sobre a importunação sexual tem sido cada vez mais
contestada ao longo dos últimos tempos. Em 2015, criminalizaram-se os piropos
e ainda assim continua-se a assistir e ouvir relatos de casos de importunação
sexual a ocorrerem no corrente quotidiano. As investigações revelam que a
mulher continua a ser considerada como a grande vítima destes
comportamentos, contudo, também há estudos que identificam vítimas do
género masculino em contexto laboral. Quanto à autoria deste tipo de
comportamentos, esta corresponde habitualmente ao sexo masculino. Este ano
já houve quem sugerisse em canal aberto uma reforma na educação em
Portugal, com enfoque num investimento emocional para os mais novos. Este
aspeto revela a importância que a educação tem na prevenção destes atos e
que, neste estudo, foi especialmente analisada.
Com a presente investigação procurou-se explorar a importância dessa
componente emocional com base nas mentalidades de idosas portuguesas
residentes num lar em Vila Franca de Xira, por se tratar de uma realidade que
conheço vivamente, percebendo quais as suas opiniões e sensibilidade face ao
fenómeno da importunação sexual, tal como as suas noções relativas a este
conceito. A pergunta de partida definida para este trabalho foi a seguinte: Quais
as perceções das seniores portuguesas residentes na freguesia de Vila Franca
de Xira sobre a conduta de importunação sexual nos espaços públicos?
Decidiu-se conduzir um estudo de caso, ideal para analisar profundamente
dados ligado a um problema num curto espaço de tempo. A pesquisa teve foco
qualitativo, sem desconsiderar a análise quantitativa. Optou-se por uma
abordagem qualitativa para compreender as percepções das pessoas, contudo,
também foi realizada uma análise quantitativa para identificar tendências nas
respostas das entrevistadas. A entrevista semidiretiva e a pesquisa documental
foram os métodos de recolha de dados escolhidos para a presente investigação.
As entrevistadas foram divididas em três grupos por faixa etária: 75-80 anos, 81-
85 anos e 86 anos ou mais. Além disso, foram considerados como requisitos
essenciais na seleção das entrevistadas, o conforto na exposição oral e a
condição psíquica.Foi possível compreender as perceções e vivências das idosas em relação a
comportamentos sexualmente inapropriados, especialmente em espaços
públicos, comparar a época delas com a atualidade e explorar as diferenças
entre homens e mulheres como seres sociais. Para a redução e tratamento de
dados, recorreu-se às sinopses e análise de conteúdo. Especificamente,
realizou-se uma análise estrutural às entrevistas para identificar os princípios
que organizam o discurso, independentemente do conteúdo específico.
Partindo da análise dos pensamentos de indivíduos cuja instrução
pessoal/social fora distinta da que é fornecida atualmente a grande parte dos
jovens, foi possível verificar que a maioria das entrevistadas não compreende o
conceito de "importunação sexual". Além disso, muitas não estão cientes de que
a proferição de piropos foi criminalizada em Portugal. Quanto à expressão
"piropo", a maioria das entrevistadas demonstrou compreensão do termo. Em
relação à sua aceitabilidade, a maioria acredita que isso depende do conteúdo
da frase transmitida. Concordam que é crime, assim como a importunação
sexual em geral, mas ressaltam que nem todos os piropos devem ser
considerados como tal. As entrevistadas relataram experiências de
importunação sexual, resultando em sentimentos de descontentamento e
desconforto. Os comportamentos mais comuns enfrentados quando eram jovens
eram o exibicionismo e as aproximações, principalmente em transportes
públicos, especialmente comboios. No entanto, muitas não sentiam a
necessidade de evitar certos espaços públicos.
As idosas expressam desagrado em relação aos homens que exibem tais
comportamentos em relação às mulheres. Elas também apontam o homem como
o género mais respeitado da sua época. Em relação ao vestuário feminino,
muitas entrevistadas acreditam que o mesmo pode levar os homens a
cometerem tais ações, tendo uma tendência a atribuir culpa à mulher por se
vestir de forma provocativa. Além disso, algumas experientes idosas
vilafranquenses caracterizam as gerações atuais como carentes de respeito e
marcadas por uma alta criminalidade.
The issue of sexual harassment has been increasingly contested in recent times. In 2015, catcalls were criminalized in Portugal, yet reports of cases of sexual harassment continue to be heard and witnessed everyday. Investigations reveal that women are still considered the primary victims of these behaviors; however, there are also studies identifying male victims in a workplace context. As for the perpetrators of such behaviors, they are typically male. This year, there have been suggestions in open forums for an overhaul of education in Portugal, focusing on emotional investment for the younger generation. This aspect underscores the importance that education can have in preventing these acts. This research aimed to explore the importance of this emotional component based on the mindsets of elderly Portuguese women residing in a nursing home in Vila Franca de Xira, understanding their opinions and sensitivity towards the phenomenon of sexual harassment, as well as their notions regarding this concept. The starting question defined for this work was: What are the perceptions of senior Portuguese women residing in the parish of Vila Franca de Xira regarding the conduct of sexual harassment in public spaces? It was decided to conduct a case study, which is ideal for in-depth analysis of data related to a problem within a short timeframe. The research had a qualitative focus, while not disregarding quantitative analysis. A qualitative approach was chosen to understand people's perceptions, but a quantitative analysis was also carried out to identify trends in the respondents' answers. Semi-structured interviews and documentary research were the chosen data collection methods for this investigation. The interviewees were divided into three age groups: 75-80 years, 81-85 years, and 86 years or older. Additionally, comfort in oral expression and psychological condition were considered essential requirements in the selection of interviewees. It was possible to comprehend the perceptions and experiences of elderly women regarding sexually inappropriate behavior, especially in public spaces, compare their era with the present, and explore the differences between men and women as social beings. For data reduction and analysis, synopses and content analysis were employed. Specifically, a structural analysis of the interviews was conducted to identify the principles that organize the discourse, regardless of the specific content. Analyzing the thoughts of individuals whose personal/social education differed from what is currently provided to the majority of young people, it was possible to verify that most of the interviewees do not understand the concept of "sexual harassment." Furthermore, many are not aware that catcalling has been criminalized in Portugal. As for the term "catcall," the majority of the interviewees demonstrated an understanding of the term. Regarding its acceptability, most believe that it depends on the content of the transmitted message. They agree that it is a crime, just like sexual harassment in general, but emphasize that not all catcalls should be considered as such. The interviewees recounted experiences of sexual harassment, resulting in feelings of discontent and discomfort. The most common behaviors faced when they were young were exhibitionism and unwelcome advances, especially in public transportation, particularly trains. However, many did not feel the need to avoid certain public spaces. The elderly women express dissatisfaction with men who exhibit such behaviors towards women. They also view men as the most respected gender of their time. Regarding women's attire, many interviewees believe it can lead men to commit such actions, tending to attribute blame to women for dressing provocatively. Additionally, some experienced elderly women from Vila Franca de Xira characterize the current generations as lacking in respect and marked by high criminality.
The issue of sexual harassment has been increasingly contested in recent times. In 2015, catcalls were criminalized in Portugal, yet reports of cases of sexual harassment continue to be heard and witnessed everyday. Investigations reveal that women are still considered the primary victims of these behaviors; however, there are also studies identifying male victims in a workplace context. As for the perpetrators of such behaviors, they are typically male. This year, there have been suggestions in open forums for an overhaul of education in Portugal, focusing on emotional investment for the younger generation. This aspect underscores the importance that education can have in preventing these acts. This research aimed to explore the importance of this emotional component based on the mindsets of elderly Portuguese women residing in a nursing home in Vila Franca de Xira, understanding their opinions and sensitivity towards the phenomenon of sexual harassment, as well as their notions regarding this concept. The starting question defined for this work was: What are the perceptions of senior Portuguese women residing in the parish of Vila Franca de Xira regarding the conduct of sexual harassment in public spaces? It was decided to conduct a case study, which is ideal for in-depth analysis of data related to a problem within a short timeframe. The research had a qualitative focus, while not disregarding quantitative analysis. A qualitative approach was chosen to understand people's perceptions, but a quantitative analysis was also carried out to identify trends in the respondents' answers. Semi-structured interviews and documentary research were the chosen data collection methods for this investigation. The interviewees were divided into three age groups: 75-80 years, 81-85 years, and 86 years or older. Additionally, comfort in oral expression and psychological condition were considered essential requirements in the selection of interviewees. It was possible to comprehend the perceptions and experiences of elderly women regarding sexually inappropriate behavior, especially in public spaces, compare their era with the present, and explore the differences between men and women as social beings. For data reduction and analysis, synopses and content analysis were employed. Specifically, a structural analysis of the interviews was conducted to identify the principles that organize the discourse, regardless of the specific content. Analyzing the thoughts of individuals whose personal/social education differed from what is currently provided to the majority of young people, it was possible to verify that most of the interviewees do not understand the concept of "sexual harassment." Furthermore, many are not aware that catcalling has been criminalized in Portugal. As for the term "catcall," the majority of the interviewees demonstrated an understanding of the term. Regarding its acceptability, most believe that it depends on the content of the transmitted message. They agree that it is a crime, just like sexual harassment in general, but emphasize that not all catcalls should be considered as such. The interviewees recounted experiences of sexual harassment, resulting in feelings of discontent and discomfort. The most common behaviors faced when they were young were exhibitionism and unwelcome advances, especially in public transportation, particularly trains. However, many did not feel the need to avoid certain public spaces. The elderly women express dissatisfaction with men who exhibit such behaviors towards women. They also view men as the most respected gender of their time. Regarding women's attire, many interviewees believe it can lead men to commit such actions, tending to attribute blame to women for dressing provocatively. Additionally, some experienced elderly women from Vila Franca de Xira characterize the current generations as lacking in respect and marked by high criminality.
Description
Keywords
Assédio Assédio sexual Sexualidade Importunação sexual Piropo Vitimização Educação Perceções Seniores Idosos Harassment Sexual harassment Sexuality Sexual nuisance Catcall Victimization Education Perceptions Seniors Elderly