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Relação entre resiliência e burnout: promoção da saúde mental e ocupacional dos enfermeiros
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Abstract(s)
INTRODUÇÃO: Os enfermeiros exercem a sua atividade num ambiente de trabalho fértil em fatores que favorecem o aumento dos níveis de stresse no trabalho. Estes afetam o trabalhador e as organizações, podendo a resiliência ser um fator protetor.
OBJETIVO: Conhecer os níveis de Resiliência e Burnout de enfermeiros, sua variação em função de caracteristicas sociodemográ!cas e pro!ssionais e a relação entre ambos, no sentido de verificar se a Resiliência pode ajudar na promoção da saúde mental e ocupacional dos enfermeiros.
METODOLOGIA: Questionário de Caracterização Sociodemográ!ca e Pro!ssional, Escala de Resiliência e Maslach Burnout Inventory (HSS).
Participaram de forma anónima e voluntária 200 enfermeiros de hospitais públicos da área metropolitana do Porto, sendo 70% do sexo feminino, com idades entre 25 e 57 anos (M=33,8 anos), 43% casados ou em união de facto, 36% com !lhos, 82% com licenciatura, 76% com vinculo de!nitivo, 80% trabalha em turno rotativo, média 10,6 anos de experiência na pro!ssão e média de 6,6 anos de tempo na instituição.
RESULTADOS: Encontraram-se niveis de moderada exaustão emocional, baixos valores de despersonalização e elevados valores de realização pessoal e de Resiliência. Existem correlações negativas entre exaustão emocional e resiliência, e correlações positivas entre realização pessoal e resiliência.
A análise comparativa evidenciou o turno com diferenças signi!cativas na despersonalização, tendo valores mais elevados nos trabalhadores de turno rotativo. A resiliencia explica negativamente 8% da exaustão emocional e positivamente 26% da realização pessoal, surgindo apenas 5% da amostra com Burnout elevado e 12% com resiliência reduzida.
CONCLUSÃO: A resiliência pode ajudar a reduzir a vulnerabilidade dos enfermeiros ao Burnout, pois elevada resiliência está relacionada com menos stresse, protegendo do Burnout.Os resultados alertam para a prevenção do Burnout, nomeadamente no que se refere aos turnos, pois estes comprometem o comportamento resiliente e aumentam a vulnerabilidade ao Burnout.
INTRODUCTION: Nurses work in stressful contexts, which a"ect them and the organizations. However, resilience can be a protective factor. AIM: To know Resilience and Burnout levels among nurses, their variation according sociodemographic and professional characteristics, and the relationship between these variables, in order to verify if resilience can help to promote nurses’ mental and occupational health. METHODS: Questionnaire about sociodemographic and professional data, Resilience Scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory (HSS). Participated anonymously and voluntary 200 nurses of public hospitals from the metropolitan area of Oporto, being 70% female, 82% graduated, 76% with a de!nitive contract, 80% working in rotating shi#. $ey have an average of 10.6 years of professional experience, and 6.6 years of time at the current institution. RESULTS: We found moderate levels of emotional exhaustion, low values of depersonalization and high values of personal achievement and resilience. $ere are negative correlations between emotional exhaustion and resilience, and positive correlations between personal achievement and resilience. Comparative analysis showed that only work shi#s present signi!cant di"erences in depersonalization, with higher values among nurses with rotated work shi#s. Resilience explains negatively 8% of emotional exhaustion and positively 26% of personal achievement. Only 5% of the participants present high Burnout levels and only 12% present reduced resilience levels. CONCLUSION: Resilience can help to reduce the nurses’ vulnerability to Burnout, since high resilience is related with less stress, protecting from Burnout. Results alerts for Burnout prevention, particularly related with work shi#s.
INTRODUCTION: Nurses work in stressful contexts, which a"ect them and the organizations. However, resilience can be a protective factor. AIM: To know Resilience and Burnout levels among nurses, their variation according sociodemographic and professional characteristics, and the relationship between these variables, in order to verify if resilience can help to promote nurses’ mental and occupational health. METHODS: Questionnaire about sociodemographic and professional data, Resilience Scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory (HSS). Participated anonymously and voluntary 200 nurses of public hospitals from the metropolitan area of Oporto, being 70% female, 82% graduated, 76% with a de!nitive contract, 80% working in rotating shi#. $ey have an average of 10.6 years of professional experience, and 6.6 years of time at the current institution. RESULTS: We found moderate levels of emotional exhaustion, low values of depersonalization and high values of personal achievement and resilience. $ere are negative correlations between emotional exhaustion and resilience, and positive correlations between personal achievement and resilience. Comparative analysis showed that only work shi#s present signi!cant di"erences in depersonalization, with higher values among nurses with rotated work shi#s. Resilience explains negatively 8% of emotional exhaustion and positively 26% of personal achievement. Only 5% of the participants present high Burnout levels and only 12% present reduced resilience levels. CONCLUSION: Resilience can help to reduce the nurses’ vulnerability to Burnout, since high resilience is related with less stress, protecting from Burnout. Results alerts for Burnout prevention, particularly related with work shi#s.
Description
Keywords
Saúde do trabalhador Enfermagem Burnout Resiliência psicológica
Citation
Publisher
Revista Portuguesa de Enfermagem de Saúde Mental