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História de adversidade infantil: relação com a alexitimia e empatia
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Abstract(s)
Enquadramento: Existem estudos que relacionam a história de adversidade na infância
e a alexitimia e outros com a empatia. A alexitimia refere-se à dificuldade de expressar
sentimentos. As adversidades podem ser experiência de abuso emocional, físico e/ou
sexual, negligência emocional e/ou física, divórcio/separação parental, exposição a
violência doméstica, abuso de substâncias no ambiente familiar, doença mental e/ou
suicídio e prisão de um membro da família. Adultos que em criança experienciaram
alguma adversidade apresentam maior probabilidade de desenvolver alexitimia e baixos
níveis de empatia. Objetivos: Analisar a relação entre a história de adversidade infantil
e a experiência de vitimação na idade adulta, a vitimação na infância e a alexitimia em
idade adulta e a história de adversidade infantil e a empatia na idade adulta. Verificar a
relação entre a história de adversidade infantil e a perpetração de comportamentos
violentos e entre esses mesmos comportamentos e a empatia e alexitimia. Participantes:
A amostra inclui 92 adultos portugueses (75 mulheres e 17 homens) entre os 20 e os 63
anos (M = 40.23, DP = 12.14). Método: Os participantes responderam a um protocolo
online constituído por: questionário sociodemográfico, pelo Questionário de História na
Infância (ACE), a Escala de Alexitimia de Toronto de Vinte Itens (TAS)-20 e o Índice de
Reatividade Interpessoal (IRI). Resultados: Da amostra, 64.1% presenciou violência na
infância ou juventude. Na adversidade na infância, a doença mental e o suicídio é o fator
mais cotado, na empatia é a tomada de perspetiva e na alexitimia é o pensamento
orientado para o exterior. A história de adversidade na infância correlaciona-se de forma
negativa com a empatia e de forma positiva com a alexitimia. Conclusão: Experiência de
adversidades na infância encontra-se presente na maioria da amostra. Verifica-se que
experiências adversas na infância se encontram relacionadas com a alexitimia e a empatia.
Background: Studies are linking the history of childhood adversity and alexithymia and others with empathy. Alexithymia refers to the difficulty of expressing feelings. Adversity is emotional, physical and / or sexual abuse, emotional and / or physical neglect, parental divorce / separation, exposure to domestic violence, substance abuse in the family environment, mental illness and / or suicide and arrest of a family member. Adults who have experienced adversity in children are more likely to develop alexithymia and low empathy. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between the history of childhood adversity and the experience of adulthood victimization, childhood victimization, and adulthood alexithymia and the history of childhood adversity and empathy in adulthood. To verify the relationship between the history of childhood adversity and the perpetration of violent behaviors and between those same behaviors and empathy and alexithymia. Participants: Sample included 92 Portuguese adults (75 women and 17 men) between 20 and 63 years (M = 40.23, SD = 12.14). Method: Participants answered an online protocol consisting of a sociodemographic questionnaire with questions related to the victimization and perpetration of violent behaviors, by the Childhood History Questionnaire (ACE), the Twenty-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) -20 and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Results: Of the sample, 64.1% witnessed violence in childhood or youth. In childhood adversity, mental illness and suicide are the most quoted factor, empathy is the taking of perspective, and alexithymia is the outward-oriented thinking. The history of childhood adversity correlates negatively with empathy and positively with alexithymia. Conclusion: Experience of childhood adversity is present in most of the sample. Adverse childhood experiences are found to increase alexithymia and decrease empathy.
Background: Studies are linking the history of childhood adversity and alexithymia and others with empathy. Alexithymia refers to the difficulty of expressing feelings. Adversity is emotional, physical and / or sexual abuse, emotional and / or physical neglect, parental divorce / separation, exposure to domestic violence, substance abuse in the family environment, mental illness and / or suicide and arrest of a family member. Adults who have experienced adversity in children are more likely to develop alexithymia and low empathy. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between the history of childhood adversity and the experience of adulthood victimization, childhood victimization, and adulthood alexithymia and the history of childhood adversity and empathy in adulthood. To verify the relationship between the history of childhood adversity and the perpetration of violent behaviors and between those same behaviors and empathy and alexithymia. Participants: Sample included 92 Portuguese adults (75 women and 17 men) between 20 and 63 years (M = 40.23, SD = 12.14). Method: Participants answered an online protocol consisting of a sociodemographic questionnaire with questions related to the victimization and perpetration of violent behaviors, by the Childhood History Questionnaire (ACE), the Twenty-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) -20 and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Results: Of the sample, 64.1% witnessed violence in childhood or youth. In childhood adversity, mental illness and suicide are the most quoted factor, empathy is the taking of perspective, and alexithymia is the outward-oriented thinking. The history of childhood adversity correlates negatively with empathy and positively with alexithymia. Conclusion: Experience of childhood adversity is present in most of the sample. Adverse childhood experiences are found to increase alexithymia and decrease empathy.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
História de adversidade infantil Empatia Alexitimia