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Burnout do cuidador informal do doente renal crónico sob hemodiálise :
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Abstract(s)
O presente relatório explana o percurso formativo com vista ao desenvolvimento de competências do Enfermeiro Especialista definidas pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros e pela European Dialysis Nurses Association/ European Renal Care Association (EDTNA/ERCA) e as de Mestre segundo o Decreto-Lei n.º 74/2006.
O fenómeno de envelhecimento demográfico da sociedade origina um maior número de pessoas com doenças crónicas e incapacitantes, assistindo-se a um contínuo aumento da população em situação de dependência. Neste contexto, emerge a figura do cuidador informal, que se assume como um elemento basilar nos cuidados de saúde ao cliente dependente. Viver com doença renal crónica reflete-se em dificuldades diárias para o cliente e seu cuidador. Desta forma, capacitar os cuidadores pode ajudar a suprimir o impacto da doença renal crónica e, consequentemente, diminuir a carga física e emocional de quem cuida. No entanto, a atividade contínua do ato de cuidar resulta num esforço permanente e contínuo, gerando sentimentos de stresse, desconforto, cansaço, sobrecarga e distúrbios do bem-estar físico e mental, contribuindo para uma adaptação ineficaz e incapacidade em gerir novas situações, podendo levar ao surgimento da síndrome de burnout. O burnout do cuidador pode ser definido como uma síndrome tridimensional (exaustão emocional, despersonalização e redução de realização pessoal) em resposta ao stress que o contexto de cuidar pode representar.
O enfermeiro desempenha um papel fundamental na prevenção e controlo do burnout do cuidador informal do doente renal crónico sob tratamento dialítico sendo detentor de um conjunto de conhecimentos e competências para uma intervenção baseada na melhor evidência científica. Considerando a realidade de prestação de cuidados face à atual situação e complexidade com que os contextos de prática se deparam, torna-se pertinente a abordagem de um tema de difícil compreensão, pelo que há a necessidade de um investimento crescente dos enfermeiros na aquisição de habilidades para lidar com esta síndrome.
Do estudo emergiram quatro áreas temáticas nas quais os enfermeiros detêm uma intervenção preponderante, nomeadamente: a responsabilidade por acompanhar os cuidadores de forma constante, por forma a esclarecer as suas dúvidas e preocupações; desenvolver competências e capacidades que lhes permitam desempenhar o seu papel de prestadores de cuidados e reduzir sentimentos de sobrecarga e ansiedade; constituir uma rede de apoio para diferentes comunidades ou voluntários e, especialmente, criar consciência da doença, sendo responsáveis pela melhoria da relação clínica.
This report explains the educational journey aimed at developing the competencies of the Specialist Nurse as defined by the Order of Nurses and the European Dialysis Nurses Association/ European Renal Care Association (EDTNA/ERCA), as well as those of a Master's level nurse according to Decree-Law N.º 74/2006. The demographic phenomenon of an aging society results in a greater number of people with chronic and disabling diseases, leading to a continuous increase in the population requiring assistance. In this context, the role of the informal caregiver emerges as a fundamental element in the healthcare of dependent clients. Living with chronic kidney disease presents daily challenges for the client and their caregiver. Empowering caregivers can help mitigate the impact of chronic kidney disease and, consequently, reduce the physical and emotional burden on those providing care. However, the continuous nature of caregiving creates a permanent and ongoing effort, leading to feelings of stress, discomfort, fatigue, overload, and disruptions in physical and mental well-being, contributing to ineffective adaptation and an inability to handle new situations, potentially resulting in burnout syndrome. Caregiver burnout can be defined as a three-dimensional syndrome (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment) in response to the stress that the caregiving context may represent. Nurses play a crucial role in preventing and managing burnout among informal caregivers of chronic kidney disease patients undergoing dialysis treatment, possessing a set of knowledge and competencies for evidence-based interventions. Considering the reality of care provision in the current situation and the complexity of practice contexts, it is relevant to address a topic that is challenging to comprehend, necessitating an increasing investment by nurses in acquiring skills to deal with this syndrome. The study has identified four thematic areas in which nurses have a significant role, including responsibility for continuous support and clarification of doubts and concerns among caregivers; developing competencies and capabilities that enable them to fulfill their caregiving role and reduce feelings of burden and anxiety; establishing a support network for various communities or volunteers; and, especially, raising awareness of the disease and improving the clinical relationship.
This report explains the educational journey aimed at developing the competencies of the Specialist Nurse as defined by the Order of Nurses and the European Dialysis Nurses Association/ European Renal Care Association (EDTNA/ERCA), as well as those of a Master's level nurse according to Decree-Law N.º 74/2006. The demographic phenomenon of an aging society results in a greater number of people with chronic and disabling diseases, leading to a continuous increase in the population requiring assistance. In this context, the role of the informal caregiver emerges as a fundamental element in the healthcare of dependent clients. Living with chronic kidney disease presents daily challenges for the client and their caregiver. Empowering caregivers can help mitigate the impact of chronic kidney disease and, consequently, reduce the physical and emotional burden on those providing care. However, the continuous nature of caregiving creates a permanent and ongoing effort, leading to feelings of stress, discomfort, fatigue, overload, and disruptions in physical and mental well-being, contributing to ineffective adaptation and an inability to handle new situations, potentially resulting in burnout syndrome. Caregiver burnout can be defined as a three-dimensional syndrome (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment) in response to the stress that the caregiving context may represent. Nurses play a crucial role in preventing and managing burnout among informal caregivers of chronic kidney disease patients undergoing dialysis treatment, possessing a set of knowledge and competencies for evidence-based interventions. Considering the reality of care provision in the current situation and the complexity of practice contexts, it is relevant to address a topic that is challenging to comprehend, necessitating an increasing investment by nurses in acquiring skills to deal with this syndrome. The study has identified four thematic areas in which nurses have a significant role, including responsibility for continuous support and clarification of doubts and concerns among caregivers; developing competencies and capabilities that enable them to fulfill their caregiving role and reduce feelings of burden and anxiety; establishing a support network for various communities or volunteers; and, especially, raising awareness of the disease and improving the clinical relationship.
Description
Keywords
Enfermagem em nefrologia Cuidadores Insuficiência renal crónica Burnout Cuidados de enfermagem Hemodiálise Carga de trabalho