A carregar...
Publicação
Comparação das distorções cognitivas entre abusadores sexuais de crianças e adolescentes e consumidores de material de exploração sexual de crianças
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 477.57 KB | Adobe PDF |
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A presente revisão sistemática de literatura teve como principal objetivo analisar a natureza, desenvolvimento e impacto das distorções cognitivas em dois grupos de abusadores sexuais: indivíduos que praticam abuso sexual de contacto com crianças e adolescentes, e consumidores de material de exploração sexual de crianças (MESC).
Através da metodologia PRISMA, foram incluídos 15 estudos quantitativos, qualitativos, teóricos e meta-analíticos, oriundos de contextos clínicos, prisionais e comunitários maioritariamente ocidentais. Os artigos selecionados incidiram sobre amostras predominantemente masculinas e adultas, com escassez de dados transversais sobre mulheres.
Os resultados demonstram que as distorções cognitivas têm um papel central como mecanismos de racionalização, minimização do dano e negação das consequências do abuso. Nos abusadores de contacto, predominam narrativas distorcidas de afeto, consentimento ilusório e externalização de culpa, frequentemente associadas a contextos familiares disfuncionais e défices de empatia. Entre consumidores de MESC, identifica-se uma forte dissociação moral, sustentada por crenças de anonimato, minimização do impacto e ausência percebida de vítimas reais, o que evidencia o papel do contexto digital na estruturação das justificações.
As limitações dos estudos recaem em amostras reduzidas, prevalência de autorrelato e falta de validação de instrumentos para o contexto lusófono. Conclui-se que a eficácia da avaliação e da intervenção depende da adaptação à especificidade das características e do contexto do abusador, recomendando-se uma abordagem clínica e forense diferenciada, bem como o desenvolvimento de instrumentos culturalmente validados e estudos longitudinais para acompanhar a evolução das distorções cognitivas e avaliar a eficácia das intervenções.
This systematic literature review aimed to analyze the nature, development, and impact of cognitive distortions in two groups of sexual offenders: individuals who commit contact sexual abuse of children and adolescents, and consumers of child sexual exploitation material (CSEM). Using the PRISMA methodology, 15 quantitative, qualitative, theoretical, and meta-analytic studies were included, originating mainly from clinical, forensic, and community settings in Western countries. The selected articles primarily addressed adult male samples, with a scarcity of transversal data on female offenders. The results demonstrate that cognitive distortions play a central role as mechanisms for rationalizing, minimizing harm, and denying the consequences of abuse. Among contact offenders, distorted narratives of affection, illusory consent, and externalization of blame predominate, often associated with dysfunctional family contexts and empathy deficits. CSEM consumers exhibit strong moral dissociation, supported by beliefs in anonymity, minimization of impact, and perceived absence of real victims, underscoring the role of the digital environment in shaping justifications. The main methodological limitations of the studies relate to small sample sizes, a prevalence of self-reported data, and a lack of validated instruments for Lusophone contexts. It is concluded that the effectiveness of assessment and intervention depends on adapting approaches to the offender’s specific characteristics and context, recommendingboth distinct clinical and forensic strategies, as well as the development of culturally validated instruments and longitudinal studies to track the evolution of cognitive distortions and evaluate intervention outcomes.
This systematic literature review aimed to analyze the nature, development, and impact of cognitive distortions in two groups of sexual offenders: individuals who commit contact sexual abuse of children and adolescents, and consumers of child sexual exploitation material (CSEM). Using the PRISMA methodology, 15 quantitative, qualitative, theoretical, and meta-analytic studies were included, originating mainly from clinical, forensic, and community settings in Western countries. The selected articles primarily addressed adult male samples, with a scarcity of transversal data on female offenders. The results demonstrate that cognitive distortions play a central role as mechanisms for rationalizing, minimizing harm, and denying the consequences of abuse. Among contact offenders, distorted narratives of affection, illusory consent, and externalization of blame predominate, often associated with dysfunctional family contexts and empathy deficits. CSEM consumers exhibit strong moral dissociation, supported by beliefs in anonymity, minimization of impact, and perceived absence of real victims, underscoring the role of the digital environment in shaping justifications. The main methodological limitations of the studies relate to small sample sizes, a prevalence of self-reported data, and a lack of validated instruments for Lusophone contexts. It is concluded that the effectiveness of assessment and intervention depends on adapting approaches to the offender’s specific characteristics and context, recommendingboth distinct clinical and forensic strategies, as well as the development of culturally validated instruments and longitudinal studies to track the evolution of cognitive distortions and evaluate intervention outcomes.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Distorções cognitivas Abuso sexual de crianças MESC Avaliação de risco