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A Guerra no Ciberespaço: Princípios da Guerra aplicados na Ciberguerra
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O presente estudo centra-se na Guerra no Ciberespaço, mais concretamente nos Princípios da Guerra aplicados à Ciberguerra, no qual se pretende verificar se os Princípios da Guerra Clássica identificados e definidos em várias doutrinas militares são aplicáveis à Ciberguerra. Deste modo estudam-se os Princípios da Guerra contemplados em diversas doutrinas militares, de forma a realçar a importância que é dada a estes na conduta de
guerras.
Define-se o conceito de Ciberespaço e de Ciberguerra e identifica-se a importância que os Estados e Organizações Internacionais têm vindo a dar a estas novas formas de perpetrar Guerras.
Este assunto revela-se importante nos dias de hoje,visto ser um assunto genuíno e ainda pouco debatido no seio da instituição militar, merecendo a sua devida atenção, não só pelo facto de constituir, nos dias de hoje uma realameaça para os Estados, mas também porque é necessário acompanhar a evolução tecnológica de modo a conseguir tirar vantagens dela, e precaver-se de eventuais ameaças.
Para garantir o rigor nos resultados obtidos fez-se um estudo essencialmente interpretativista e qualitativo, tendo como suportede investigação: a Revisão de Literatura, a Análise de Conteúdo, o Estudo de Caso e a Entrevista.
Para além da Análise de Conteúdo de diversos documentos militares doutrinários, estudam-se fundamentalmente dois prováveis casos de Ciberguerra (os ataques cibernéticos contra a Estónia em 2007 e a Guerra dos cinco dias entre a Rússia e Geórgia em 2008), com o intuito de procurar identificar e analisar os Princípios da Guerra Clássica pretendendo, no final do estudo, concluir se os Princípios da Guerra Clássica permanecem actuais, e se podem ser aplicáveis à Ciberguerra. Procura-se desta forma que no futuro, os chefes militares possam eventualmente aplicar esses mesmos princípios, na fase de planeamento de acções de Ciberguerra.
Com este estudo exploratório pode-se concluir que oprincípio do Objectivo, Ofensiva, Massa, Manobra, Segurança, Surpresa e Simplicidade são aplicáveis à Ciberguerra e que as acções de Ciberguerra no Ciberespaço podem ser planeadas tendo em conta esses mesmos princípios.
Abstract The present study is placed upon war on Cyberspace and more specifically on the Principles of War which are applied to the Cyberwar, upon which one aims to verify if the Principles of Classical War, which are identified and defined in various military doctrines are applicable to the Cyberwar. Thus, one studies the Principles of War, which are contemplated on several military doctrines, in order to reveal the importance that is given to those Principles at the war conduct. One defines the concept of Cyberspace and Cyberwar and identifies the importance that International Countries and Organizations have been valuing to these new ways of enduring wars. Nowadays this subject is considered important, because it is genuine and less debated among our Military Institution. Therefore, it deserves special attention, not only due to nowadays threat for the Countries, but also due to the necessity of following the technological evolution, in order to take advantages from it and to guard itself from eventual threats. In order to grant the results strictness, one made an essentially interpretative and qualitative study, having as investigation foundation the Literature´s Revision, the Content´s Analysis, the Case’s Study and the Interview. Besides the content analysis of several military doctrinal documents, one studies mainly two probable Cyberwar cases (Cyber attacks against Estonia in 2007 and the five-day war between Russia and Georgia in 2008), in order to identify and analyse the Principles of Classical War, aiming, at the end of the study, to conclude if they remain valid and if they might be applied to the Cyberwar. By achieving this, one aims that, in the future, the military leaders may, eventually, apply those same Principles in the Cyberwar actions planning. Through this exploratory study, it may be concluded that the principles of Objective, Offensive, Mass, Maneuver, Security, Surprise and Simplicity are applicable to the Cyberwar and that the Cyberwar actions in the Cyberspace might be planned, bearing in mind those same Principles.
Abstract The present study is placed upon war on Cyberspace and more specifically on the Principles of War which are applied to the Cyberwar, upon which one aims to verify if the Principles of Classical War, which are identified and defined in various military doctrines are applicable to the Cyberwar. Thus, one studies the Principles of War, which are contemplated on several military doctrines, in order to reveal the importance that is given to those Principles at the war conduct. One defines the concept of Cyberspace and Cyberwar and identifies the importance that International Countries and Organizations have been valuing to these new ways of enduring wars. Nowadays this subject is considered important, because it is genuine and less debated among our Military Institution. Therefore, it deserves special attention, not only due to nowadays threat for the Countries, but also due to the necessity of following the technological evolution, in order to take advantages from it and to guard itself from eventual threats. In order to grant the results strictness, one made an essentially interpretative and qualitative study, having as investigation foundation the Literature´s Revision, the Content´s Analysis, the Case’s Study and the Interview. Besides the content analysis of several military doctrinal documents, one studies mainly two probable Cyberwar cases (Cyber attacks against Estonia in 2007 and the five-day war between Russia and Georgia in 2008), in order to identify and analyse the Principles of Classical War, aiming, at the end of the study, to conclude if they remain valid and if they might be applied to the Cyberwar. By achieving this, one aims that, in the future, the military leaders may, eventually, apply those same Principles in the Cyberwar actions planning. Through this exploratory study, it may be concluded that the principles of Objective, Offensive, Mass, Maneuver, Security, Surprise and Simplicity are applicable to the Cyberwar and that the Cyberwar actions in the Cyberspace might be planned, bearing in mind those same Principles.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Princípios da Ciberguerra Princípios da Guerra Clássica Ciberguerra Ciberespaço
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Academia Militar. Direção de Ensino