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Impacto Produtivo das Parasitoses Gastrointestinais em Bovinos
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Resumo(s)
A produção pecuária bovina desempenha um papel importante na economia global, sendo
especialmente importante em países com forte tradição na produção de carne e leite. No entanto, a
eficiência produtiva e a sustentabilidade dos sistemas de produção animal são continuamente
ameaçadas por doenças parasitárias, incluindo as que são causadas por parasitas gastrointestinais.
Estas, causadas predominantemente por helmintas e protozoários, comprometem o desempenho
zootécnico dos bovinos, gerando grandes perdas na produção de carne e leite, além do seu impacto
no bem-estar e na saúde animal.
O impacto dos parasitas gastrointestinais reflete-se em grandes perdas económicas, associadas ao
aumento da mortalidade neonatal, redução da fertilidade, e atraso no crescimento e
desenvolvimento dos vitelos. Além disso, o uso excessivo e indiscriminado de anti-helmínticos tem
contribuído para o desenvolvimento de populações de parasitas resistentes, o que dificulta o controlo
e destaca a necessidade urgente de estratégias integradas e sustentáveis.
A epidemiologia destas doenças parasitárias é fortemente influenciada por fatores ambientais,
climáticos e de maneio animal, pelo que é fundamental conhecer os ciclos biológicos, a dinâmica de
infeção entre os diferentes hospedeiros e os fatores predisponentes para posteriormente
desenvolver programas de controlo.
Nesse contexto, esta Dissertação de Mestrado tem como objetivo analisar o impacto das doenças
parasitárias gastrointestinais em bovinos, discutindo as suas implicações produtivas, sanitárias e
económicas. Além disso, procura também analisar alternativas inovadoras de controlo, com foco em
abordagens sustentáveis e maneio integrado.
Cattle production plays an important role in the global economy, generating significant production, especially in countries with a strong tradition of meat and milk production. However, the productive efficiency and sustainability of animal production systems are continually threatened by parasitic diseases, including gastrointestinal parasites, which play a key role. These infections, caused predominantly by helminths and protozoa, compromise cattle's zootechnical performance, leading to significant losses in meat and milk production, in addition to their impact on animal welfare and health. The impact of gastrointestinal parasites is reflected in significant economic losses, associated with increased neonatal mortality, reduced fertility, and delayed growth and development in calves. Furthermore, the excessive and indiscriminate use of anthelmintics has contributed to the development of resistant parasite populations, making control difficult and highlighting the urgent need for integrated and sustainable strategies. The epidemiology of these parasitic diseases is strongly influenced by environmental, climatic, and animal management factors, making it essential to understand biological cycles, infection dynamics among different hosts, and predisposing factors for developing control programs. In this context, this Master's Dissertation aims to analyze the impact of gastrointestinal parasitic diseases in cattle, discussing their production, health, and economic implications. Furthermore, it also seeks to evaluate innovative control alternatives, focusing on sustainable approaches and integrated management.
Cattle production plays an important role in the global economy, generating significant production, especially in countries with a strong tradition of meat and milk production. However, the productive efficiency and sustainability of animal production systems are continually threatened by parasitic diseases, including gastrointestinal parasites, which play a key role. These infections, caused predominantly by helminths and protozoa, compromise cattle's zootechnical performance, leading to significant losses in meat and milk production, in addition to their impact on animal welfare and health. The impact of gastrointestinal parasites is reflected in significant economic losses, associated with increased neonatal mortality, reduced fertility, and delayed growth and development in calves. Furthermore, the excessive and indiscriminate use of anthelmintics has contributed to the development of resistant parasite populations, making control difficult and highlighting the urgent need for integrated and sustainable strategies. The epidemiology of these parasitic diseases is strongly influenced by environmental, climatic, and animal management factors, making it essential to understand biological cycles, infection dynamics among different hosts, and predisposing factors for developing control programs. In this context, this Master's Dissertation aims to analyze the impact of gastrointestinal parasitic diseases in cattle, discussing their production, health, and economic implications. Furthermore, it also seeks to evaluate innovative control alternatives, focusing on sustainable approaches and integrated management.
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Palavras-chave
Eficiência produtiva Controlo integrado Helmintas Protozoários Resistência antiparasitária Maneio sustentável Productive efficiency Integrated control Helminths Protozoa Antiparasitic resistance Sustainable management