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A presente dissertação desenvolve uma solução digital integrada para a gestão de despesas de deslocação Travel & Expense na Agência Nacional Erasmus+ Educação e Formação (ANE+EF), respondendo à necessidade de modernizar processos até então assentes em registos manuais, fragmentados e pouco eficientes. Estes constrangimentos comprometiam a rastreabilidade, a conformidade e a eficiência operacional, exigindo uma abordagem inovadora que garantisse a digitalização, normalização e automatização de todo o ciclo de vida da despesa. A solução proposta assenta numa arquitetura moderna e escalável, composta por uma aplicação móvel desenvolvida em Flutter, um portal web administrativo e um backend em Node.js/Express, suportado pelos serviços cloud do Firebase. Esta arquitetura centraliza regras de negócio, assegura coerência e segurança dos dados, e permite gerir equipas, perfis de utilizador, estados da despesa e processos hierárquicos de aprovação, integrando ainda um sistema de auditoria detalhado que regista todas as ações críticas ao longo do fluxo. A avaliação de usabilidade foi realizada através do System Usability Scale (SUS), envolvendo utilizadores com perfis distintos. A solução obteve uma pontuação média de 78,6, acima do limiar de aceitabilidade internacional, revelando elevada aceitação e facilidade de utilização. Observou-se ainda uma avaliação particularmente positiva por parte dos perfis de decisão (chefes, coordenadores e administradores), refletindo a eficácia do portal web e dos fluxos de aprovação implementados. Os resultados demonstram que a transformação digital dos processos Travel & Expense é exequível, benéfica e alinhada com as orientações nacionais de modernização administrativa. Embora a solução ainda não tenha sido testada em cenários de carga intensiva ou integrada com sistemas financeiros externos, os resultados obtidos evidenciam o seu potencial de adoção. Trabalho futuro deverá incluir a expansão da avaliação a um universo mais alargado de utilizadores, a integração com sistemas contabilísticos da Administração Pública e a incorporação de mecanismos avançados de automatização e validação inteligente de despesas.
This dissertation presents an integrated digital solution for managing Travel & Expense processes at the Erasmus+ National Agency for Education and Training (ANE+EF), addressing the need to modernize procedures that were previously based on manual, fragmented and inefficient records. These limitations compromised traceability, compliance and operational efficiency, requiring an innovative approach capable of ensuring the digitalization, standardization and automation of the entire expense lifecycle. The proposed solution is built on a modern and scalable architecture composed of a mobile application developed in Flutter, an administrative web portal, and a Node.js/Express backend supported by Firebase cloud services. This architecture centralizes business rules, ensures data consistency and security, and enables the management of teams, user profiles, expense states and hierarchical approval processes. It also integrates a detailed audit system that records all critical actions throughout the workflow. Usability evaluation was conducted using the System Usability Scale (SUS), involving users with different profiles. The solution achieved an average score of 78.6, above the internationally accepted usability threshold, indicating high levels of acceptance and ease of use. The evaluation was particularly positive among decision-making profiles (team leaders, coordinators and administrators), reflecting the effectiveness of the web portal and the implemented approval flows. The results demonstrate that the digital transformation of Travel & Expense processes is feasible, beneficial and aligned with national guidelines for administrative modernization. Although the solution has not yet been tested under intensive load scenarios or integrated with external financial systems, the results highlight its strong adoption potential. Future work should include expanding the evaluation to a broader set of users, integrating the system with Public Administration accounting platforms, and incorporating advanced mechanisms for automation and intelligent expense validation.
This dissertation presents an integrated digital solution for managing Travel & Expense processes at the Erasmus+ National Agency for Education and Training (ANE+EF), addressing the need to modernize procedures that were previously based on manual, fragmented and inefficient records. These limitations compromised traceability, compliance and operational efficiency, requiring an innovative approach capable of ensuring the digitalization, standardization and automation of the entire expense lifecycle. The proposed solution is built on a modern and scalable architecture composed of a mobile application developed in Flutter, an administrative web portal, and a Node.js/Express backend supported by Firebase cloud services. This architecture centralizes business rules, ensures data consistency and security, and enables the management of teams, user profiles, expense states and hierarchical approval processes. It also integrates a detailed audit system that records all critical actions throughout the workflow. Usability evaluation was conducted using the System Usability Scale (SUS), involving users with different profiles. The solution achieved an average score of 78.6, above the internationally accepted usability threshold, indicating high levels of acceptance and ease of use. The evaluation was particularly positive among decision-making profiles (team leaders, coordinators and administrators), reflecting the effectiveness of the web portal and the implemented approval flows. The results demonstrate that the digital transformation of Travel & Expense processes is feasible, beneficial and aligned with national guidelines for administrative modernization. Although the solution has not yet been tested under intensive load scenarios or integrated with external financial systems, the results highlight its strong adoption potential. Future work should include expanding the evaluation to a broader set of users, integrating the system with Public Administration accounting platforms, and incorporating advanced mechanisms for automation and intelligent expense validation.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Transformação Digita Administração Pública Gestão de Despesas de Deslocação Plataforma Digital Usabilidade Computação Móvel Flutter Digital Platform Digital Transformation Mobile Computing Public Administration Travel Expense Management Usability
