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Estimativa de produção em cultivares de nectarina de importância regional na Extremadura espanhola
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Abstract(s)
A possibilidade de estimar a produção com alguma antecedência relativamente
à colheita assume grande importância em fruticultura, particularmente em
agrupamentos de produtores, pois permite preparar a logística da colheita e a
capacidade de receção e armazenamento da central fruteira, formalizar
contratos de compra e venda e definir antecipadamente os preços a pagar aos
produtores e de venda aos clientes. Tendo em conta a importância da fruticultura
na Extremadura espanhola, em particular a produção de nectarinas, foi realizado
um estudo para tentar estimar a produção, utilizando uma metodologia
desenvolvida por Miranda e Royo (2003b), para outra região espanhola. Entre
março e agosto de 2022 acompanharam-se 4 pomares de nectarinas,
pertencentes a associados da Cooperativa agrícola Cofruits SCL (Mérida,
Espanha), cada um com uma cultivar distinta (HONEY ROYALE,
NECTAVANTOP, NECTATOP, NECTADIVA). Com base numa mostra de 20
árvores em cada pomar foram determinados os seguintes parâmetros: evolução
dos estados fenológicos, circunferência do tronco, número de frutos por árvore,
peso médio dos frutos à colheita. Foi feita a estimativa da produção, embora não
usando a metodologia prevista, por falta de alguns parâmetros para a sua
aplicação, por não ter sido possível efetuar a sua observação em campo.
Verificou-se que os valores estimados, quer com o peso médio do fruto obtido
da bibliografia, quer usando o peso médio do fruto medido após a colheita, foram
bastante inferiores aos valores reais, que superaram as 25 t/ha (NECTADIVA
com 25.408 kg/ha, NECTATOP com 25.951 kg/ha, HONEY ROYALE com
26.565 kg/ha, NECTAVANTOP com 29.880 kg/ha). Conclui-se que a
metodologia inicialmente proposta é de difícil aplicação devido à quantidade de
parâmetros a recolher e que a metodologia usada, embora mais simples, requer
provavelmente uma amostra de maior tamanho para ser mais representativa da
variabilidade encontrada nos pomares e patente nalguns parâmetros analisados.
Para obviar a influência do ano agrícola, esta avaliação deverá repetida em, pelo
menos, 3 campanhas de produção.
The possibility of estimating production some time before the harvest is of great importance in fruit growing, particularly in producer groups, because it allows them to prepare the logistics of the harvest and the reception and storage capacity of the fruit plant, to formalise purchase and sale contracts and to define in advance the prices to be paid to producers and for sale to customers. Given the importance of fruit growing in Spanish Extremadura, in particular the production of nectarines, a study was carried out to try to estimate production, using a methodology developed by Miranda and Royo (2003b), for another Spanish region. Between March and August 2022, 4 nectarine orchards, belonging to members of the Cofruits SCL agricultural cooperative (Mérida, Spain), each with a distinct variety (HONEY ROYALE, NECTAVANTOP, NECTATOP, NECTADIVA) were monitored. The following parameters were determined on the basis of a sample of 20 trees in each orchard: evolution of phenological states, trunk circumference, number of fruit per tree, average weight of fruit at harvest. The production was estimated, although not using the methodology foreseen, due to the lack of some parameters for its application, because it was not possible to carry out its observation in the field. It was verified that the estimated values, either with the average weight of the fruit obtained from the bibliography, or using the average weight of the fruit measured after the harvest, were much lower than the real values, that exceeded the 25 t/ha (NECTADIVA with 25.408 kg/ha, NECTATOP with 25.951 kg/ha, HONEY ROYALE with 26.565 kg/ha, NECTAVANTOP with 29.880 kg/ha). We conclude that the methodology initially proposed is difficult to apply due to the quantity of parameters to collect and that the methodology used, although simpler, probably requires a larger sample size to be more representative of the variability found in the orchards and patent in some of the parameters analysed. To obviate the influence of the agricultural year, this evaluation should be repeated in at least 3 production campaigns.
The possibility of estimating production some time before the harvest is of great importance in fruit growing, particularly in producer groups, because it allows them to prepare the logistics of the harvest and the reception and storage capacity of the fruit plant, to formalise purchase and sale contracts and to define in advance the prices to be paid to producers and for sale to customers. Given the importance of fruit growing in Spanish Extremadura, in particular the production of nectarines, a study was carried out to try to estimate production, using a methodology developed by Miranda and Royo (2003b), for another Spanish region. Between March and August 2022, 4 nectarine orchards, belonging to members of the Cofruits SCL agricultural cooperative (Mérida, Spain), each with a distinct variety (HONEY ROYALE, NECTAVANTOP, NECTATOP, NECTADIVA) were monitored. The following parameters were determined on the basis of a sample of 20 trees in each orchard: evolution of phenological states, trunk circumference, number of fruit per tree, average weight of fruit at harvest. The production was estimated, although not using the methodology foreseen, due to the lack of some parameters for its application, because it was not possible to carry out its observation in the field. It was verified that the estimated values, either with the average weight of the fruit obtained from the bibliography, or using the average weight of the fruit measured after the harvest, were much lower than the real values, that exceeded the 25 t/ha (NECTADIVA with 25.408 kg/ha, NECTATOP with 25.951 kg/ha, HONEY ROYALE with 26.565 kg/ha, NECTAVANTOP with 29.880 kg/ha). We conclude that the methodology initially proposed is difficult to apply due to the quantity of parameters to collect and that the methodology used, although simpler, probably requires a larger sample size to be more representative of the variability found in the orchards and patent in some of the parameters analysed. To obviate the influence of the agricultural year, this evaluation should be repeated in at least 3 production campaigns.
Description
Keywords
estimativa da produção fruticultura prunóideas; produtividade. fruit-growing production estimation stone fruits