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Santos ou pecadores? A associação entre a tríade negra e os fundamentos morais
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Abstract(s)
Enquadramento: A moralidade é fenómeno multifatorial, influenciado por fatores de natureza psicológica, cultural e de personalidade. Os traços da Tríade Negra da personalidade, as diferenças de género e a forma como os indivíduos valorizam os fundamentos morais, parecem modular significativamente os padrões de julgamento e comportamento ético. Por esse motivo, a análise da interação entre estas dimensões é fundamental para a compreensão e explicação da valorização dos fundamentos morais propostos pela Teoria dos Fundamentos Morais (MFT). Objetivos: O objetivo da presente investigação é analisar de que modo os traços da Tríade Negra influenciam a adesão aos fundamentos morais propostos na MFT e o papel do sexo biológico nesta relação, numa amostra da população geral. Participantes: A amostra utilizada na presente investigação é composta por 103 participantes, do sexo biológico feminino (n = 68; 66%) e masculino (n = 35; 34%), com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 77 anos de idade (M = 36.09; DP = 12.817). A grande maioria dos participantes são portugueses (n = 94; 91.3%). Método e Procedimentos: A recolha de dados foi realizada através de um protocolo de investigação totalmente online através da plataforma Google Forms, constituído por um questionário sociodemográfico e dois instrumentos de avaliação psicológica: o The Short Dark Triad (SD3; Jones & Paulhus, 2013; traduzido e adaptado por Fernandes, Santos & Soeiro, 2024) e o Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ-30; Graham et al., 2008; versão portuguesa de Frias, 2011; Costa, 2020). Resultados: Níveis mais elevados de Narcisismo estão associados a menor valorização de fundamentos morais individualizantes, enquanto o Maquiavelismo se associa a maior adesão a fundamentos morais grupais. O sexo biológico não moderou estas associações, mas as mulheres valorizaram mais os fundamentos individualizantes e os homens mais o de Autoridade. Os traços da Tríade Negra mostram, assim, influência diferenciada sobre os padrões de adesão moral. Conclusão: Estes dados reforçam que traços de personalidade socialmente disfuncionais influenciam de forma distinta os padrões de adesão moral, destacando a necessidade de estudos futuros mais abrangentes e culturalmente diversificados.
Background: Morality is a multifactorial phenomenon influenced by psychological, cultural, and personality factors. Traits of the Dark Triad personality, gender differences, and the way individuals value moral foundations appear to significantly modulate patterns of ethical judgment and behavior. Therefore, analyzing the interaction between these dimensions is fundamental for understanding and explaining the valuation of the moral foundations proposed by the Moral Foundations Theory (MFT). Objectives: The objective of the present study is to analyze how Dark Triad traits influence adherence to the moral foundations proposed by the MFT and the role of biological sex in this relationship, in a general population sample. Participants: The sample used in the present investigation is composed of 103 participants of female biological sex (n = 68; 66%) and male biological sex (n = 35; 34%), with ages ranging from 18 to 77 years old (M = 36.09; SD = 12.817). Most participants are Portuguese (n = 94; 91.3%). Method and Procedures: Data were collected through an online research protocol, consisting of a sociodemographic questionnaire and two psychological assessment instruments: The Short Dark Triad (SD3; Jones & Paulhus, 2013; translated and adapted by Fernandes, Santos & Soeiro, 2024) and the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ-30; Graham et al., 2008; Portuguese version by Frias, 2011; Costa, 2020). Data collection was conducted entirely online through Google Forms and was available between March and July of 2025. Participation was strictly voluntary, anonymous, and confidential. Results: The results of this study indicate that higher levels of narcissism are associated with a lower appreciation for individualizing moral foundations (Care and Fairness), while Machiavellianism is associated with greater adherence to group moral foundations, such as Loyalty and Authority. Biological sex did not moderate these associations, although women valued individualizing foundations more and men valued Authority more. The Dark Triad traits, therefore, demonstrate a differentiated influence on patterns of moral endorsement. Conclusion: These findings reinforce that socially dysfunctional personality traits influence moral endorsement patterns in distinct ways, highlighting the need for broader and more culturally diverse future studies.
Background: Morality is a multifactorial phenomenon influenced by psychological, cultural, and personality factors. Traits of the Dark Triad personality, gender differences, and the way individuals value moral foundations appear to significantly modulate patterns of ethical judgment and behavior. Therefore, analyzing the interaction between these dimensions is fundamental for understanding and explaining the valuation of the moral foundations proposed by the Moral Foundations Theory (MFT). Objectives: The objective of the present study is to analyze how Dark Triad traits influence adherence to the moral foundations proposed by the MFT and the role of biological sex in this relationship, in a general population sample. Participants: The sample used in the present investigation is composed of 103 participants of female biological sex (n = 68; 66%) and male biological sex (n = 35; 34%), with ages ranging from 18 to 77 years old (M = 36.09; SD = 12.817). Most participants are Portuguese (n = 94; 91.3%). Method and Procedures: Data were collected through an online research protocol, consisting of a sociodemographic questionnaire and two psychological assessment instruments: The Short Dark Triad (SD3; Jones & Paulhus, 2013; translated and adapted by Fernandes, Santos & Soeiro, 2024) and the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ-30; Graham et al., 2008; Portuguese version by Frias, 2011; Costa, 2020). Data collection was conducted entirely online through Google Forms and was available between March and July of 2025. Participation was strictly voluntary, anonymous, and confidential. Results: The results of this study indicate that higher levels of narcissism are associated with a lower appreciation for individualizing moral foundations (Care and Fairness), while Machiavellianism is associated with greater adherence to group moral foundations, such as Loyalty and Authority. Biological sex did not moderate these associations, although women valued individualizing foundations more and men valued Authority more. The Dark Triad traits, therefore, demonstrate a differentiated influence on patterns of moral endorsement. Conclusion: These findings reinforce that socially dysfunctional personality traits influence moral endorsement patterns in distinct ways, highlighting the need for broader and more culturally diverse future studies.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Comportamento moral Fundamentos morais Moralidade Personalidade Teoria dos fundamentos morais Tríade negra