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A impressão 3D de armas de fogo e componentes essenciais: desafios legais e técnico-policiais
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Resumo(s)
O presente estudo analisou a problemática da impressão tridimensional de armas de fogo e componentes essenciais, avaliando os desafios legais e técnico-policiais.
Este fenómeno apresenta-se como uma ameaça à segurança pública, fruto da fácil acessibilidade a impressoras tridimensionais e a ficheiros digitais que permitem a impressão de armas de fogo e componentes essenciais funcionais, a baixo custo, sem marcação e difíceis de rastrear.
No plano jurídico, constatou-se que o ordenamento jurídico português não abrange a criação, partilha e posse de ficheiros digitais, o que aliado à facilidade de acesso e difusão, facilita a proliferação de armas de fogo e componentes essenciais impressos com recurso a impressoras tridimensionais.
No plano técnico-policial, apurou-se que as forças e serviços de segurança enfrentam desafios em matéria de prevenção, deteção, rastreabilidade, perícia balística, fiscalização e investigação criminal, agravados pela natureza transnacional do fenómeno.
Conclui-se que apenas uma resposta integrada, assente no reforço legislativo, na cooperação policial internacional, no ciberpoliciamento e na inovação técnico-policial, se revela capaz de mitigar esta ameaça emergente.
The present study analyzed the issue of three-dimensional printing of firearms and essential components, assessing the legal and technical-policial challenges. This phenomenon poses a threat to public security, resulting from the easy accessibility of three-dimensional printers and digital files that enable the low-cost printing of functional firearms and essential components, without markings and difficult traceability. From a legal perspective, it was found that the Portuguese legal framework does not cover the creation, sharing, and possession of digital files, which, combined with its accessibility and dissemination, facilitates the proliferation of firearms and essential components printed using three-dimensional printers. From a technical-policial perspective, it was established that security forces and services face challenges in prevention, detection, traceability, ballistic expertise, inspection, and criminal investigation, further aggravated by the transnational nature of the phenomenon. It has been demonstrated that only an integrated response, based on legislative reinforcement, international police cooperation, cyber-policing, and technical-policial innovation proves capable of mitigating this emerging threat.
The present study analyzed the issue of three-dimensional printing of firearms and essential components, assessing the legal and technical-policial challenges. This phenomenon poses a threat to public security, resulting from the easy accessibility of three-dimensional printers and digital files that enable the low-cost printing of functional firearms and essential components, without markings and difficult traceability. From a legal perspective, it was found that the Portuguese legal framework does not cover the creation, sharing, and possession of digital files, which, combined with its accessibility and dissemination, facilitates the proliferation of firearms and essential components printed using three-dimensional printers. From a technical-policial perspective, it was established that security forces and services face challenges in prevention, detection, traceability, ballistic expertise, inspection, and criminal investigation, further aggravated by the transnational nature of the phenomenon. It has been demonstrated that only an integrated response, based on legislative reinforcement, international police cooperation, cyber-policing, and technical-policial innovation proves capable of mitigating this emerging threat.
Descrição
Trabalho individual final do Curso de Comando e Direção Policial
Palavras-chave
armas de fogo componentes essenciais desafios técnico-policiais ficheiros CAD impressão 3D 3D printing CAD files essential components firearms technical-police challenges
Contexto Educativo
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Licença CC
Sem licença CC