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Publication
O papel do microbioma oral nas doenças orais e esofágicas
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| 1.36 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O microbioma oral pode ser definido como a comunidade de microrganismos que pode incluir bactérias, fungos, protozoários e archaea, mas também vírus, e que colonizam a cavidade oral, e esses microrganismos integram biofilmes complexos e interdependentes que desempenham uma importante função fisiológica. O microbioma oral tem, portanto, um papel fundamental na manutenção de um ambiente oral saudável e um estado de eubiose, de equilíbrio, e que contribui para a homeostasia do hospedeiro. Qualquer alteração na composição e diversidade deste microbioma, normalmente pela integração de microrganismos patogénicos, pode levar a um estado de desequilíbrio, de disbiose, associado a um estado de patologia/doença.
O estudo dos microbiomas tornou-se possível e intensificou-se devido ao avanço das metodologias moleculares de sequenciação e ao aparecimento da metagenómica. A intensificação de estudos de metagenómica sobre o microbioma oral, evidenciou que o microbioma oral tem um papel importante em diversas patologias, que não só as doenças orais. De facto, a cavidade oral é uma porta de entrada para os sistemas respiratório e digestivo, e a sua elevada vascularização permite o contacto constante com os outros microbiomas do corpo humano. Assim, alterações no microbioma oral estão diretamente ligadas ao desenvolvimento de doenças orais comuns, tais como periodontite, gengivite e cárie dentária, mas podem também levar ao desenvolvimento de outras doenças sistémicas, afetando diferentes partes do corpo.
O objetivo desta revisão narrativa foi avaliar a influência do microbioma oral em determinadas doenças orais e gastrointestinais. Em particular, foi abordado o papel do microbioma oral nas seguintes doenças orais e esofágicas: cárie dentária, doença periodontal, peri-implantite, cancros orais, cancros esofágicos, esófago de Barret, e refluxo gastroesofágico. Para isso, foi feita uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, tendo sido considerados artigos científicos publicados entre 2009 e 2023.
The oral microbiome can be defined as the community of microorganisms that can include bacteria, fungi, protozoa and archaea, but also viruses, which colonize the oral cavity and these microorganisms form complex and interdependent biofilms that perform an important physiological function. Therefore, the oral microbiome plays a fundamental role in maintaining a healthy oral environment and a state of balance, eubiosis, which contributes to the host's homeostasis. Any alteration in the composition and diversity of this microbiome, usually due to the integration of pathogenic microorganisms, can lead to a state of imbalance, dysbiosis, associated with a state of pathology/disease. The study of microbiomes has become possible and has intensified due to advances in molecular methodologies and sequencing and the emergence of metagenomics. The increase of metagenomics studies on the oral microbiome has shown that the oral microbiome plays an important role in various pathologies, not just oral diseases. In fact, the oral cavity is a gateway to the respiratory and digestive systems, and its high vascularization allows it to be in constant contact with the other microbiomes of the human body. Thus, alterations in the oral microbiome are directly linked to the development of common oral diseases such as periodontitis, gingivitis and dental caries, but can also lead to the development of other systemic diseases affecting different parts of the body. This narrative review aimed to evaluate the influence of the oral microbiome on certain oral and gastrointestinal diseases. In particular, the role of the oral microbiome in the following oral and esophageal diseases was addressed: dental caries, periodontal disease, peri-implantitis, oral cancers, esophageal cancers, Barret's esophagus, and gastroesophageal reflux. For this purpose, a bibliographic search was conducted in the Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, considering scientific articles published between 2009 and 2023.
The oral microbiome can be defined as the community of microorganisms that can include bacteria, fungi, protozoa and archaea, but also viruses, which colonize the oral cavity and these microorganisms form complex and interdependent biofilms that perform an important physiological function. Therefore, the oral microbiome plays a fundamental role in maintaining a healthy oral environment and a state of balance, eubiosis, which contributes to the host's homeostasis. Any alteration in the composition and diversity of this microbiome, usually due to the integration of pathogenic microorganisms, can lead to a state of imbalance, dysbiosis, associated with a state of pathology/disease. The study of microbiomes has become possible and has intensified due to advances in molecular methodologies and sequencing and the emergence of metagenomics. The increase of metagenomics studies on the oral microbiome has shown that the oral microbiome plays an important role in various pathologies, not just oral diseases. In fact, the oral cavity is a gateway to the respiratory and digestive systems, and its high vascularization allows it to be in constant contact with the other microbiomes of the human body. Thus, alterations in the oral microbiome are directly linked to the development of common oral diseases such as periodontitis, gingivitis and dental caries, but can also lead to the development of other systemic diseases affecting different parts of the body. This narrative review aimed to evaluate the influence of the oral microbiome on certain oral and gastrointestinal diseases. In particular, the role of the oral microbiome in the following oral and esophageal diseases was addressed: dental caries, periodontal disease, peri-implantitis, oral cancers, esophageal cancers, Barret's esophagus, and gastroesophageal reflux. For this purpose, a bibliographic search was conducted in the Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, considering scientific articles published between 2009 and 2023.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Microbioma oral Doenças orais Doenças esofágicas Refluxo gastroesofágico