| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.81 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
A navegação marítima constitui uma atividade exigente, complexa, que envolve
riscos para as pessoas, meio ambiente e atividade económica. As tarefas associadas
à execução da navegação requerem formação avançada, perícias e experiência,
por parte das Equipas de Navegação. O nível de exigência necessário implica bons
profissionais, mas sobretudo uma equipa colaborativa.
O processo de decisão está cada vez mais restringido a uma série de processos,
assentes em informação fornecida por equipamentos e sistemas pouco adaptados
ao utilizador e a especificidade do seu trabalho, que conduzem a uma falsa sensação
de segurança. Esta estratégia induz à identificação de erros humanos como principal
causa dos acidentes, ocultando problemas complexos e duradoiros.
O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral contribuir para a compreensão do
processo de tomada de decisão em equipas de navegação. Para o efeito, definiram-se
três objetivos específicos: (i) categorizar as principais lacunas nas Equipas de Navegação,
(ii) Definir requisitos técnicos, humanos e organizacionais para um Sistema
de apoio à decisão (SAD) colaborativo, e (iii) Desenvolver um protótipo de interface
de um SAD, com foco na interação humano-computador.
Frequentemente, estudos neste âmbito fundamentam-se em ações de planeamento
e obtenção de informação atempada, desprezando a interação entre indivíduos
e entre o individuo e a máquina, um ponto de extrema importância.
Para atingir os objetivos procedeu-se a uma metodologia de desenvolvimento
de produtos focados no utilizador - design thinking – e, posteriormente, para
verificação e validação do SAD, aplicaram-se testes de usabilidade a utilizadores
alvo.
O estudo contribui, primeiramente, para alertar a Comunidade Marítima
de perigos, geralmente inexplorados, bem como constituir uma base para possíveis
correções e progressos nas Equipas, por fim, fornece uma solução para a problemática
geral desenvolvida com constante feedback das próprias equipas, permitindo uma
redefinição dos SAD e equipamentos hoje implementados.
Maritime navigation is a demanding, complex activity that involves risks for people, the environment and economic activity. The tasks associated with the execution of navigation require advanced training, skills and experience on the part of the Navigation Teams. The required level of demand implies good professionals, but above all a collaborative team. The decision-making process is increasingly restricted to a series of processes, based on information provided by equipment and systems poorly adapted to the user and specificity of their work, which lead to a false sense of security. This strategy induces the identification of human errors as the main cause of accidents, hiding complex and lasting problems. The present study has as the main goal to contribute to the understanding of the decision-making process in navigation teams. For this purpose, three specific objectives were defined: (i) categorize the main gaps in the Navigation Teams, (ii) Define technical, human and organizational requirements for a collaborative decision support system (DSS), and (iii) Develop a prototype of a DSS interface, focusing on human-computer interaction. Often, studies in this area are based on planning actions and obtaining timely information, neglecting the interaction between individuals and between the individual and the machine, an extremely important point. To achieve the objectives, proceeded a development methodology of products focused on the user - design thinking - was carried out and, later, for verification and validation of the DSS, usability tests were applied to target users. The study contributes, firstly, to alert the Maritime Community about dangers, generally unexplored, as well as providing a basis for possible corrections and progress in the Teams, finally, it provides a solution to the general problem developed with constant feedback from the teams themselves, allowing a redefinition of DSS and equipment today implemented.
Maritime navigation is a demanding, complex activity that involves risks for people, the environment and economic activity. The tasks associated with the execution of navigation require advanced training, skills and experience on the part of the Navigation Teams. The required level of demand implies good professionals, but above all a collaborative team. The decision-making process is increasingly restricted to a series of processes, based on information provided by equipment and systems poorly adapted to the user and specificity of their work, which lead to a false sense of security. This strategy induces the identification of human errors as the main cause of accidents, hiding complex and lasting problems. The present study has as the main goal to contribute to the understanding of the decision-making process in navigation teams. For this purpose, three specific objectives were defined: (i) categorize the main gaps in the Navigation Teams, (ii) Define technical, human and organizational requirements for a collaborative decision support system (DSS), and (iii) Develop a prototype of a DSS interface, focusing on human-computer interaction. Often, studies in this area are based on planning actions and obtaining timely information, neglecting the interaction between individuals and between the individual and the machine, an extremely important point. To achieve the objectives, proceeded a development methodology of products focused on the user - design thinking - was carried out and, later, for verification and validation of the DSS, usability tests were applied to target users. The study contributes, firstly, to alert the Maritime Community about dangers, generally unexplored, as well as providing a basis for possible corrections and progress in the Teams, finally, it provides a solution to the general problem developed with constant feedback from the teams themselves, allowing a redefinition of DSS and equipment today implemented.
Description
Keywords
Navegação marítima trabalho de equipa atividades colaborativas sistema de apoio à decisão interação humano-computador