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Produção e avaliação do comportamento a tração de compósitos híbridos carbono/basalto
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| 2.26 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
A utilização de materiais compósitos cresceu nos últimos anos dada a sua elevada resistência mecânica e baixa densidade, sobretudo quando comparadas com as propriedades de diferentes ligas metálicas. Outra vantagem é a possibilidade de combinar diferentes materiais na produção de compósitos híbridos, que utilizam diferentes fibras de reforço para otimizar as propriedades finais do material desenvolvido. É assim fundamental efetuar ensaios experimentais para determinar as propriedades destes materiais, ou desenvolver metodologias que permitam prever o comportamento destes, nomeadamente na presença de entalhes ou outros pormenores de construção. Neste trabalho foram fabricadas diferentes configurações de provetes de teste utilizando fibras de reforço de carbono e basalto em matrizes epóxidas. As fibras, ao criar o provete de compósito, foram dispostas com orientações 0/90 ou 45/90 e assim foram testados à tração, com ou sem a aplicação de um furo no centro do provete. Ao mesmo tempo foi desenvolvido um modelo numérico de cada configuração utilizando o método dos elementos finitos. Conseguiu-se determinar que a tensão de rotura em provetes de compósitos híbridos carbono-basalto são 15% superiores à utilização apenas de basalto e 28% inferiores à utilização apenas de carbono. Assim os resultados obtidos mostram que os compósitos híbridos apresentam propriedades interessantes à sua utilização prática, permitindo baixar o custo de fabrico destes materiais. Para alem disso os resultados comprovam que os modelos numéricos são uma ferramenta viável à previsão das suas propriedades finais.
The use of composite materials has grown in recent years due to their high mechanical strength and low density, especially when compared to the properties of different metal alloys. Another advantage is the possibility of combining different materials in the production of hybrid composites, which use different reinforcing fibers to optimize the final properties of the developed material. It is therefore essential to carry out experimental tests to determine the properties of these materials or to develop methodologies that allow predicting their behavior, particularly in the presence of notches or other construction details. In this work, different configurations of test specimens were manufactured using carbon and basalt reinforcing fibers in epoxy matrices. The fibers, when creating the composite specimen, were arranged with orientations of 0/90 or 45/90 and were thus tested for tensile strength, with or without the application of a hole in the center of the specimen. At the same time, a numerical model of each configuration was developed using the finite element method. It was determined that the tensile strength in hybrid carbon-basalt composite specimens is 15% higher than using only basalt and 28% lower than using only carbon. Thus, the results obtained show that hybrid composites have interesting properties for practical use, allowing the reduction of manufacturing costs of these materials. Furthermore, the results prove that numerical models are a viable tool for predicting their final properties.
The use of composite materials has grown in recent years due to their high mechanical strength and low density, especially when compared to the properties of different metal alloys. Another advantage is the possibility of combining different materials in the production of hybrid composites, which use different reinforcing fibers to optimize the final properties of the developed material. It is therefore essential to carry out experimental tests to determine the properties of these materials or to develop methodologies that allow predicting their behavior, particularly in the presence of notches or other construction details. In this work, different configurations of test specimens were manufactured using carbon and basalt reinforcing fibers in epoxy matrices. The fibers, when creating the composite specimen, were arranged with orientations of 0/90 or 45/90 and were thus tested for tensile strength, with or without the application of a hole in the center of the specimen. At the same time, a numerical model of each configuration was developed using the finite element method. It was determined that the tensile strength in hybrid carbon-basalt composite specimens is 15% higher than using only basalt and 28% lower than using only carbon. Thus, the results obtained show that hybrid composites have interesting properties for practical use, allowing the reduction of manufacturing costs of these materials. Furthermore, the results prove that numerical models are a viable tool for predicting their final properties.
Description
Keywords
Materiais compósitos Fibra de carbono Fibra de basalto Elementos finitos Ensaios experimentais Composite materials Carbon fiber Basalt fiber Finite elements Experimental tests