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Reeducação funcional respiratória em contexto de hospitalização domiciliária :
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A Pneumonia define-se como uma patologia inflamatória do parênquima pulmonar
com perda de elasticidade e de espaço disponível para a realização das trocas gasosas
indispensáveis à vida. É a principal causa de morte por doenças respiratórias em Portugal,
em especial entre os idosos, testando os limites de resposta do Sistema de Saúde, realidade
escalada durante a recente pandemia que obrigou à procura de respostas para fazer face à
procura massiva de cuidados de saúde. Uma das respostas passou pela necessidade de
estender os cuidados especializados hospitalares para fora das suas estruturas físicas, na
forma de Hospitalização Domiciliária (HD). Nesta modalidade, previamente recomendada
pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), dada a evolução técnica e tecnológica recentes,
aliada à crescente preparação dos profissionais de saúde e que tem vindo a ser desenvolvida,
alargada e consolidada no nosso país, é fulcral a intervenção do Enfermeiro Especialista em
Enfermagem de Reabilitação (EEER).
A intervenção do EEER centra-se no controlo sintomático, na aplicação de um
conjunto de técnicas no âmbito da Reeducação Funcional Respiratória (RFR), que potenciam
a reexpansão pulmonar, otimizam a ventilação alveolar e contribuem para a melhoria da
funcionalidade e da realização das Atividades de Vida Diária (AVD). Face ao exposto,
destacamos como área temática a “Reeducação funcional respiratória em contexto de
hospitalização domiciliária: A promoção do autocuidado na pessoa com pneumonia”.
Este percurso teve início com a elaboração de um projeto de estágio, onde foram
identificadas as atividades a realizar, para alcançar os objetivos gerais e específicos
estabelecidos, e adquirir e desenvolver as competências comuns, do Enfermeiro Especialista
(EE), e específicas, do EEER, definidas pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros (OE) e preconizadas
nos descritores de Dublin para o 2º Ciclo de Ensino, para a obtenção do grau de Mestre.
Seguiu-se o ensino clínico, dividido por três contextos distintos da prática, onde foi possível
verificar a eficácia das intervenções desenvolvidas pelo EEER na promoção do autocuidado
e do bem-estar da pessoa. Para nortear o percurso escolhemos o pensamento teórico de
Dorothea Orem perspetivando a intervenção do EEER enquanto agente de autocuidado, na
maximização de capacidades, promovendo a recuperação da funcionalidade e a prevenção
de complicações.
Pneumonia is defined as an inflammatory pathology of the lung parenchyma, characterized by the loss of the elasticity and available space for indispensable gas exchanges. In Portugal, it is the leading cause of death by respiratory diseases, especially among the elderly, testing the limits of response of the health system, a reality that escalated during the recent pandemic and which forced the search for answers to face the massive demand for health care. One of the answers was the need to extend specialized hospital care outside its physical structures, in the form of Home Hospitalization. In this type of healthcare, previously recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), given the recent technical and technological evolution, combined with the growing preparation of health professionals and which has been developed, expanded and consolidated in our country, the intervention of the Rehabilitation Nurse (RN) is crucial. The intervention of the RN focuses on symptomatic control, on the application of a set of techniques within the scope of Functional Respiratory Reeducation, which enhances lung re-expansion, optimize alveolar ventilation and contribute to the improvement of functionality and performance of Daily Living Activities. Therefore, we highlight the “Functional Respiratory Reeducation in the Context of Home Hospitalization: Promotion of Self-Care in People with Pneumonia” as thematic area. The learning began with the elaboration of an internship project, where the activities to be carried out were identified, to achieve the general and specific objectives established, and to acquire and develop the common skills of the Specialist Nurse, and specific, of the RN, defined by the Portuguese Nurses Order and recommended in the Dublin descriptors for the 2nd Cycle of the University Education, in order to obtain the master’s degree. Clinical teaching followed, divided into three different contexts of practice, where it was possible to verify the effectiveness of the interventions developed by the RN in promoting self-care and the person's well-being. Dorothea Orem's theoretical thinking was chosen to guide this path, predicting the intervention of the RN as a self-care agent, in the maximization of the capabilities, promoting the recovery of functionality and the prevention of complications.
Pneumonia is defined as an inflammatory pathology of the lung parenchyma, characterized by the loss of the elasticity and available space for indispensable gas exchanges. In Portugal, it is the leading cause of death by respiratory diseases, especially among the elderly, testing the limits of response of the health system, a reality that escalated during the recent pandemic and which forced the search for answers to face the massive demand for health care. One of the answers was the need to extend specialized hospital care outside its physical structures, in the form of Home Hospitalization. In this type of healthcare, previously recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), given the recent technical and technological evolution, combined with the growing preparation of health professionals and which has been developed, expanded and consolidated in our country, the intervention of the Rehabilitation Nurse (RN) is crucial. The intervention of the RN focuses on symptomatic control, on the application of a set of techniques within the scope of Functional Respiratory Reeducation, which enhances lung re-expansion, optimize alveolar ventilation and contribute to the improvement of functionality and performance of Daily Living Activities. Therefore, we highlight the “Functional Respiratory Reeducation in the Context of Home Hospitalization: Promotion of Self-Care in People with Pneumonia” as thematic area. The learning began with the elaboration of an internship project, where the activities to be carried out were identified, to achieve the general and specific objectives established, and to acquire and develop the common skills of the Specialist Nurse, and specific, of the RN, defined by the Portuguese Nurses Order and recommended in the Dublin descriptors for the 2nd Cycle of the University Education, in order to obtain the master’s degree. Clinical teaching followed, divided into three different contexts of practice, where it was possible to verify the effectiveness of the interventions developed by the RN in promoting self-care and the person's well-being. Dorothea Orem's theoretical thinking was chosen to guide this path, predicting the intervention of the RN as a self-care agent, in the maximization of the capabilities, promoting the recovery of functionality and the prevention of complications.
Description
Keywords
Enfermagem em reabilitação Autocuidado Pneumonia Assistência domiciliar