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Este trabalho analisa a reorientação estratégica da Alemanha face ao conflito Ucrânia-Rússia, conhecida como Zeitenwende. Este ponto de viragem permite várias interpretações e marca, entre outras coisas, uma mudança de paradigma na política externa e de segurança alemã, com efeitos profundos na orientação estratégica e na organização operacional da Bundeswehr. O trabalho analisa o desenvolvimento histórico da estratégia de segurança alemã desde a reunificação, a reformulação da estratégia através do atual documento da Estratégia de Segurança Nacional e o papel da Bundeswehr no âmbito deste realinhamento.
A primeira parte do trabalho faz uma análise crítica da política alemã até 2022 e examina a forma como a Alemanha alicerçou a sua estratégia, principalmente, na força económica e na contenção geopolítica. Na parte seguinte, são discutidos o conteúdo e o significado da nova Estratégia de Segurança Nacional, que formula pela primeira vez uma Grande Estratégia para a Alemanha. Esta estratégia sublinha a necessidade de uma maior prontidão da defesa, de uma cooperação mais intensa no âmbito da União Europeia e da NATO e de uma maior ênfase na defesa global. Por fim, o estudo considera o papel específico da Bundeswehr no contexto da reorientação estratégica, incluindo os desafios que têm de ser ultrapassados para alcançar o necessário aumento da prontidão da defesa.
Adicionalmente, este trabalho visa familiarizar o público internacional com a Zeitenwende e com os desenvolvimentos associados da política de segurança na Alemanha, país chave na NATO e na União Europeia. Ao analisar os realinhamentos estratégicos que a Alemanha está a empreender, este estudo contribui para o debate global sobre política de segurança. O estudo esclarece a forma como a Alemanha está a redefinir o seu papel no âmbito da arquitetura de segurança transatlântica e, assim, proporciona uma nova perspetiva para académicos, decisores políticos e peritos em segurança interessados nas implicações destes desenvolvimentos para a segurança e a estabilidade na Europa.
This military thesis examines Germany's strategic reorientation in the face of the Ukraine-Russia conflict, known as the "Zeitenwende". This turning point allows for various interpretations and marks, among other things, a paradigm shift in German foreign and security policy, which has profound effects on the strategic orientation and operational organisation of the Bundeswehr. The thesis analyses the historical development of German security strategy since reunification, the reshaping of the strategy through the current National Security Strategy document and the role of the Bundeswehr within this realignment. The first part of the thesis takes a critical look at German policy up to the year 2022 and examines how Germany based its strategy primarily on economic strength and geopolitical restraint. In the next part, the contents and significance of the new National Security Strategy, which formulates a Grand Strategy for Germany for the first time, are discussed. This strategy underlines the need for increased defence readiness, more intensive cooperation within the EU and NATO and a stronger emphasis on overall defence. Finally, the study considers the specific role of the Bundeswehr in the context of the strategic reorientation, including the challenges that must be overcome to achieve the necessary increase in defence readiness. This thesis also serves the purpose of familiarising an international audience with the "Zeitenwende" and the associated security policy developments in Germany, a key country in NATO and the European Union. By analysing the strategic realignments that Germany is undertaking, this study contributes to the global discussion on security policy. It sheds light on how Germany is redefining its role within the transatlantic security architecture and thus offers insights for academics, policy makers and security experts interested in the implications of these developments for security and stability in Europe.
This military thesis examines Germany's strategic reorientation in the face of the Ukraine-Russia conflict, known as the "Zeitenwende". This turning point allows for various interpretations and marks, among other things, a paradigm shift in German foreign and security policy, which has profound effects on the strategic orientation and operational organisation of the Bundeswehr. The thesis analyses the historical development of German security strategy since reunification, the reshaping of the strategy through the current National Security Strategy document and the role of the Bundeswehr within this realignment. The first part of the thesis takes a critical look at German policy up to the year 2022 and examines how Germany based its strategy primarily on economic strength and geopolitical restraint. In the next part, the contents and significance of the new National Security Strategy, which formulates a Grand Strategy for Germany for the first time, are discussed. This strategy underlines the need for increased defence readiness, more intensive cooperation within the EU and NATO and a stronger emphasis on overall defence. Finally, the study considers the specific role of the Bundeswehr in the context of the strategic reorientation, including the challenges that must be overcome to achieve the necessary increase in defence readiness. This thesis also serves the purpose of familiarising an international audience with the "Zeitenwende" and the associated security policy developments in Germany, a key country in NATO and the European Union. By analysing the strategic realignments that Germany is undertaking, this study contributes to the global discussion on security policy. It sheds light on how Germany is redefining its role within the transatlantic security architecture and thus offers insights for academics, policy makers and security experts interested in the implications of these developments for security and stability in Europe.
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Keywords
Alemanha Estratégia de Segurança Nacional Forças Armadas Alemãs Germany National Security Strategy German Armed Forces Zeitenwende