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Avaliação do perfil de resistência de agentes bacterianos isolados em animais de companhia - 2016 a 2018
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A descoberta dos antibióticos representou um importante avanço no tratamento de infeções bacterianas, tanto na medicina humana como na medicina veterinária, constituindo a base da medicina moderna.
Os antibióticos são amplamente utilizados na rotina de clínicas e hospitais veterinários e o seu uso excessivo e indevido tem conduzido a fenómenos de resistências sendo atualmente uma preocupação mundial na saúde animal e com impacto em saúde pública.
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar o perfil de resistência a antibióticos de bactérias isoladas em amostras de animais atendidos no Hospital Veterinário Universitário de Coimbra, entre março de 2016 e dezembro de 2018.
O estudo foi dividido em duas partes, numa primeira parte foi realizada a caracterização das 206 amostras correspondentes a antibiogramas de bactérias isoladas em canídeos e felídeos. Seguidamente após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão foram estudadas apenas as infeções simples, tendo sido avaliado o seu perfil de resistência nos três anos em estudo.
Em relação à avaliação do perfil de resistência ao longo dos três anos, para as amostras de urina (n=54), verificou-se um aumento da resistência à amicacina dos agentes bacterianos isolados, no ano de 2018 relativamente aos dois anos anteriores (p=0,02).
No que respeita aos agentes etiológicos isolados em amostra de zaragatoa cutânea (n=13), verificou-se que ao longo dos três anos, um aumento da resistência destes agentes ao trimetoprim/sulfametoxazole (p=0,04).
Os agentes etiológicos identificados em maior percentagem foram Escherichia coli (61%) e Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (27%), sendo que para E.coli foi possível encontrar diferença significativa no perfil de resistência para a tetraciclina (p=0,002) ao longo dos três anos. Verificou-se uma tendência (p=0.06) para o aumento no perfil de resistência nos antibióticos cloranfenicol e amicacina.
Este estudo permitiu verificar uma alteração no perfil de resistências em animais de companhia, nomeadamente em infeções provocadas por E.coli, tal como se tem verificado em estudos nacionais e internacionais publicados recentemente.
Considera-se assim crucial a consciencialização dos profissionais de saúde e população em geral em relação à utilização e prescrição prudentes dos antibióticos.
The antibiotics discovery was a big advance in the treatment of bacterial infections, in human and in veterinary medicine, being the basis of modern medicine. Antibiotics are widely used in veterinary clinics and hospitals in its daily routine and their excessive or inadequate use in animals has led to the appearance of resistant bacteria. This phenomenon is nowadays a worldwide concern due to its impact in animal health as well as in human health. The main objective of this study was to analyse and compare antibiotics resistance profiles in bacteria isolated from animal samples attended at the Hospital Veterinário Universitário de Coimbra, from March 2016 to December 2018. This study was conducted in two steps. Firstly, a descripitive characterization of the 206 samples corresponding to the results obtained from antimicrobial susceptibility tests in bacteria isolated from dogs and cats, was performed. Secondly, and after considering the defined inclusion criteria, an analisys was developed using only cases of single bacterial infections by the evaluation of its resistance profile among the three years of study So, during the study period, the resistance profiles in isolates obtained in urine samples (n=54) showed an increase in amikacin resistance in 2018, when compared to the previous two years (p=0,02). Bacterial agents isolated from cutaneous swab (n=13), evidenced an increase in the resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (p=0,04) during the three years of study. A higher percentage of isolates belonged to Escherichia coli (61%) and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (27%) species, and considering E. coli a significant difference in the resistance profile for tetracycline (p=0.002) was observed from 2016 to 2018. Also, regarding the same bacterium, it was observed a tendency (p=0,06) for an increase of the resistance profile in amikacin and cloranfenicol. This study demonstrated an increase in the resistance profiles in isolates obtained from companion animals such as cats and dogs, especially in infections caused by E.coli. These data is in accordance to other national and international studies recently published. Thus, an awareness of healthcare professionals and of the general population is crucial for the conscient and prudent prescription and use of antibiotics.
The antibiotics discovery was a big advance in the treatment of bacterial infections, in human and in veterinary medicine, being the basis of modern medicine. Antibiotics are widely used in veterinary clinics and hospitals in its daily routine and their excessive or inadequate use in animals has led to the appearance of resistant bacteria. This phenomenon is nowadays a worldwide concern due to its impact in animal health as well as in human health. The main objective of this study was to analyse and compare antibiotics resistance profiles in bacteria isolated from animal samples attended at the Hospital Veterinário Universitário de Coimbra, from March 2016 to December 2018. This study was conducted in two steps. Firstly, a descripitive characterization of the 206 samples corresponding to the results obtained from antimicrobial susceptibility tests in bacteria isolated from dogs and cats, was performed. Secondly, and after considering the defined inclusion criteria, an analisys was developed using only cases of single bacterial infections by the evaluation of its resistance profile among the three years of study So, during the study period, the resistance profiles in isolates obtained in urine samples (n=54) showed an increase in amikacin resistance in 2018, when compared to the previous two years (p=0,02). Bacterial agents isolated from cutaneous swab (n=13), evidenced an increase in the resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (p=0,04) during the three years of study. A higher percentage of isolates belonged to Escherichia coli (61%) and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (27%) species, and considering E. coli a significant difference in the resistance profile for tetracycline (p=0.002) was observed from 2016 to 2018. Also, regarding the same bacterium, it was observed a tendency (p=0,06) for an increase of the resistance profile in amikacin and cloranfenicol. This study demonstrated an increase in the resistance profiles in isolates obtained from companion animals such as cats and dogs, especially in infections caused by E.coli. These data is in accordance to other national and international studies recently published. Thus, an awareness of healthcare professionals and of the general population is crucial for the conscient and prudent prescription and use of antibiotics.
Description
Keywords
Escherichia coli Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Resistência Antimicrobianos Escherichia coli Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Resistance Antimicrobials