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Propriedades biológicas e terapêuticas do mel no tratamento de feridas crónicas
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Abstract(s)
Os benefícios do mel são conhecidos desde a antiguidade, no entanto, ao longo do tempo, e com a evolução da medicina, deixou de ser hábito recorrer a substâncias naturais para fins terapêuticos.
Atualmente estamos perante uma realidade bastante assustadora e preocupante que são as antibio-resistências, nomeadamente no tratamento de feridas crónicas que são abordadas neste trabalho de dissertação. O processo regenerativo de feridas agudas e crónicas torna-se bastante exigente e prolongado, passando por diferentes etapas de reparação tais como a hemostasia, inflamação, proliferação e remodelação. No seu processo normal, a cicatrização de uma ferida aguda é resolvida e encerrada, já quando há persistência da inflamação a ferida torna-se crónica.
O mel é um produto natural com ação antioxidante, antibacteriana de largo espectro, antiviral, anti-inflamatória, antiulcerosa, imunomodeladora, e antitumoral. É constituído por diferentes açúcares tais como a glicose e frutose por exemplo, ácidos orgânicos e antioxidantes como os flavonóides e ácidos fenólicos. Os antioxidantes têm a capacidade de prevenir lesões celulares, uma vez que eliminam os ROS e apresentam uma ação anti-inflamatória, através da sua capacidade de se ligarem às ciclo-oxigenases. A ação antimicrobiana do mel está atribuída ao seu alto teor de açúcar com um efeito osmótico que desidrata bactérias, tendo a capacidade de alterar a sua forma. A capacidade anti-inflamatória do mel reduz os edemas e aumenta a taxa de sucesso na cicatrização da lesão. Estas propriedades, antioxidante e anti-inflamatória, estão diretamente relacionadas, visto que os ROS promovem inflamação exacerbada dos tecidos e a sua neutralização evita o processo de lise celular e a progressão para ferida crónica.
O mel aumenta a taxa de cicatrização através da estimulação dos leucócitos e da libertação de citoquinas e fatores de crescimento que ativam a reparação dos tecidos e estimulam a transcrição dos genes dos queratinócitos para TNF-, IL-1 e TGF-.
O mel é bastante estudado e útil não só na cicatrização de feridas mas também na atividade anticancerígena apresentando uma ação protetora em alguns sistemas, sobretudo o cardiovascular e respiratório, entre outros. Os seus benefícios são relevantes e o mel é um produto muito promissor que está a mudar algumas práticas terapêuticas em clínica veterinária.
The benefits of honey have been known since ancient times, however, over time, and with the evolution of medicine, it is no longer a habit to resort to natural substances for therapeutic purposes. We are currently facing a very frightening and worrying reality that it is antimicrobial resistance, namely in the treatment of chronic wounds that are addressed in this academic work. The regenerative process of acute and chronic wounds becomes very demanding and prolonged, undergoing different repair stages such as hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. In its normal process, healing of an acute wound is resolved and terminated, but when inflammation persists the wound becomes chronic. Honey is a natural product with antioxidant action, broad spectrum antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, immunomodulating, and anti-tumor activity. It consists of different sugars such as glucose and fructose for example organic acids and antioxidants such as flavonoids and phenolic acids. Antioxidants have the ability to prevent cell damage as they eliminate free radicals and exhibit anti-inflammatory action through their ability to bind to cyclooxygenases. The antimicrobial action of honey is attributed to its high sugar content with an osmotic effect that dehydrates bacteria and has the ability to change its shape. The anti-inflammatory capacity of honey reduces edema and increases the success rate of wound healing. These antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are directly related, since free radicals promote tissue inflammation and their neutralization prevents the cell lysis process. Honey increases the healing rate by stimulating leukocytes and releasing cytokines and growth factors that activate tissue repair and stimulate transcription of the keratinocyte genes to TNF-IL, IL-1 and TGF-. Honey is well studied and useful not only in wound healing but also in anticancer activity showing a protective action in some systems, especially cardiovascular and respiratory, among others. Its benefits are relevant and honey a highly promising product that is changing some therapeutic practices in veterinary practice.
The benefits of honey have been known since ancient times, however, over time, and with the evolution of medicine, it is no longer a habit to resort to natural substances for therapeutic purposes. We are currently facing a very frightening and worrying reality that it is antimicrobial resistance, namely in the treatment of chronic wounds that are addressed in this academic work. The regenerative process of acute and chronic wounds becomes very demanding and prolonged, undergoing different repair stages such as hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. In its normal process, healing of an acute wound is resolved and terminated, but when inflammation persists the wound becomes chronic. Honey is a natural product with antioxidant action, broad spectrum antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, immunomodulating, and anti-tumor activity. It consists of different sugars such as glucose and fructose for example organic acids and antioxidants such as flavonoids and phenolic acids. Antioxidants have the ability to prevent cell damage as they eliminate free radicals and exhibit anti-inflammatory action through their ability to bind to cyclooxygenases. The antimicrobial action of honey is attributed to its high sugar content with an osmotic effect that dehydrates bacteria and has the ability to change its shape. The anti-inflammatory capacity of honey reduces edema and increases the success rate of wound healing. These antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are directly related, since free radicals promote tissue inflammation and their neutralization prevents the cell lysis process. Honey increases the healing rate by stimulating leukocytes and releasing cytokines and growth factors that activate tissue repair and stimulate transcription of the keratinocyte genes to TNF-IL, IL-1 and TGF-. Honey is well studied and useful not only in wound healing but also in anticancer activity showing a protective action in some systems, especially cardiovascular and respiratory, among others. Its benefits are relevant and honey a highly promising product that is changing some therapeutic practices in veterinary practice.
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Keywords
Feridas crónicas Mel Cicatrização Biofilme Regeneração Inflamação Chronic wounds Honey Healing Biofilm Regeneration Inflammation