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Stress parental face à transição de ciclo de ensino de alunos com necessidades educativas especiais
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O nascimento de uma criança com Necessidades Educativas Especiais (Nee) origina
no seio da sua família mudanças estruturais. As alterações a nível doméstico, de saúde e
de afecto, a nível escolar, económico e de socialização apresentam-se com maior
intensidade. Sendo o stress encarado como um dos problemas da sociedade moderna,
pais de crianças com necessidades educativas especiais são uma população vulnerável a
tal questão.
O stress parental é vivenciado de forma diferente pelos pais, sendo várias as causas
que poderão contribuir para que tal ocorra. Considerando o tema do stress familiar um
tema sempre actual, julgamos pertinente estudá-lo, sendo as dificuldades que as famílias
com crianças com necessidades educativas especiais enfrentam, justificação para a sua
relevância e interesse.
Convergindo no interesse da análise sobre stress parental, este estudo objectiva
fornecer dados, a fim de contribuir para o conhecimento da realidade portuguesa sobre
a temática, pretendendo aferir de que forma variáveis como, o nível socioeconómico,
tempo de escolaridade dos pais, as características da criança e a transição escolar,
poderão ou não influenciar o stress parental.
Dado o leque de possibilidades para a sua realização, aplicou-se um protocolo de
investigação, o qual considerou: uma ficha de recolha de informação (dados
sociodemográficos e de caracterização de pais/filhos); a adaptação portuguesa do
Parenting Stress Índex (Abidin e Santos, 2003) e um questionário com duas perguntas
de resposta aberta.
Participaram no estudo vinte pais de crianças sem Nee e vinte pais de crianças com
Nee, que apresentam em comum, a transição de nível de escolaridade do seu educando,
do primeiro para o segundo ciclo do ensino básico.
Os resultados apurados concluem que aquando da transição de ciclo, o nível de
stress dos pais de crianças com Nee é superior ao nível de stress de pais de crianças sem
Nee; o stress parental é influenciado pelas alterações das rotinas familiares; pais com
rendimentos inferiores, apresentam níveis de stress mais elevado. Concluiu-se ainda
que a gravidade da deficiência influencia o nível de stress dos pais, contrariamente à
tipologia da mesma. Face ao referenciado através da revisão da literatura realizada, assim como aos
resultados obtidos, expomos neste trabalho, que a transição de ciclo de ensino é um
processo causador de stress nos pais com maior incidência nos pais de crianças com
Nee.
The birth of a child with Special Educational Needs, causes structural changes within the family. The changes in the domestic, health, affection, educational, economic and social fields emerge with a heavier intensity. Stress is deemed as one of the problems of the modern society and the parents of children with special educational needs are a group highly vulnerable to this problem. Parental stress is experienced differently by the parents and there are several causes which may contribute to this fact. Considering that family stress is a topic issue, we think it’s relevant to study it, as the difficulties faced by the families of children with special education needs justify its importance. Centered on the interest of examining in detail the parental stress, this study aims at producing data, in order to increase the knowledge of the Portuguese reality on this issue and wishes to evaluate in which way variables such as the socio-economic status, the education level of the parents, the characteristics of the child and the change of school, may have influence or not on the parental stress. Considering the span of possibilities to carry out this study, we have applied an investigation protocol, which included: a filing card to gather information (socio-- demographic data and characterization of parents/children); the Portuguese adaptation of Parenting Stress Índex (Abidin e Santos, 2003) and a questionnaire with two open answer questions. Twenty parents of children with Nee and twenty parents of children without Nee took part in this study, and had in common the fact that their educatee had changed of education level, from the first to the second stage of basic education. The conclusion drawn from the results obtained shows that at the moment of the change of education level the stress of the parents of the child with Nee is higher than the stress of the parents of the child without Nee; that the parental stress has to do with the changes of the family routines; that parents with a lower income display higher levels of stress. We have also concluded that the seriousness of the disability, but not its kind, plays an important part in the parents’ stress. Considering the review we made of the pertaining literature, as well as, the results obtained, we explain in this paper that the change of education stage is a process that causes stress on the parents, specially on the parents of children with Special Educational Needs .
The birth of a child with Special Educational Needs, causes structural changes within the family. The changes in the domestic, health, affection, educational, economic and social fields emerge with a heavier intensity. Stress is deemed as one of the problems of the modern society and the parents of children with special educational needs are a group highly vulnerable to this problem. Parental stress is experienced differently by the parents and there are several causes which may contribute to this fact. Considering that family stress is a topic issue, we think it’s relevant to study it, as the difficulties faced by the families of children with special education needs justify its importance. Centered on the interest of examining in detail the parental stress, this study aims at producing data, in order to increase the knowledge of the Portuguese reality on this issue and wishes to evaluate in which way variables such as the socio-economic status, the education level of the parents, the characteristics of the child and the change of school, may have influence or not on the parental stress. Considering the span of possibilities to carry out this study, we have applied an investigation protocol, which included: a filing card to gather information (socio-- demographic data and characterization of parents/children); the Portuguese adaptation of Parenting Stress Índex (Abidin e Santos, 2003) and a questionnaire with two open answer questions. Twenty parents of children with Nee and twenty parents of children without Nee took part in this study, and had in common the fact that their educatee had changed of education level, from the first to the second stage of basic education. The conclusion drawn from the results obtained shows that at the moment of the change of education level the stress of the parents of the child with Nee is higher than the stress of the parents of the child without Nee; that the parental stress has to do with the changes of the family routines; that parents with a lower income display higher levels of stress. We have also concluded that the seriousness of the disability, but not its kind, plays an important part in the parents’ stress. Considering the review we made of the pertaining literature, as well as, the results obtained, we explain in this paper that the change of education stage is a process that causes stress on the parents, specially on the parents of children with Special Educational Needs .
Description
Keywords
Necessidades Educativas Especiais Inclusão escolar Transição de ciclo escolar Stress parental Special educational needs School inclusion Change of education stage Parental Stress