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Liberdade versus segurança: a eterna dicotomia
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O presente estudo analisou a relação entre liberdade e segurança, procurando com-preender até que ponto a proteção da sociedade pode justificar a restrição de direitos funda-mentais em contextos democráticos. Partiu-se da revisão teórica de contributos clássicos, como os de Hobbes, Locke ou Mill, e de abordagens contemporâneas, incluindo Bauman, Lyon e Zuboff, que evidenciaram a persistência do dilema entre estes dois valores. A inves-tigação seguiu uma metodologia teórica, baseada na análise crítica de literatura filosófica, jurídica e sociológica, articulada com diplomas legais nacionais e internacionais.
Os resultados mostraram que a liberdade e a segurança são conceitos plurais e inter-dependentes, cuja articulação se revelou central para a vitalidade do Estado de direito. Veri-ficou-se que a segurança, embora indispensável à liberdade, pode igualmente convertê-la em precária, sobretudo quando instrumentalizada através de estados de exceção, tecnologias de vigilância ou perceções sociais de insegurança. Concluiu-se que o equilíbrio entre liberdade e segurança exige mecanismos permanentes de proporcionalidade, transparência e escrutínio democrático, sob pena de erosão gradual das liberdades civis. O estudo destacou ainda a necessidade de aprofundar investigações futuras sobre os impactos da inteligência artificial e da vigilância digital, bem como de reforçar a cidadania crítica como salvaguarda essencial da democracia.
This study analysed the relationship between liberty and security, seeking to under-stand to what extent the protection of society could justify the restriction of fundamental rights in democratic contexts. It was based on a theoretical review of classical contributions, such as those of Hobbes, Locke and Mill, and contemporary approaches, including Bauman, Lyon and Zuboff, which highlighted the dilemma’s persistence between both values. The research followed a theoretical methodology, grounded in the critical analysis of philosoph-ical, legal and sociological literature, articulated with national and international legal frame-works. The results showed that liberty and security are plural and interdependent concepts, whose articulation proved to be central to the vitality of the rule of law. It was observed that security, although indispensable to liberty, may also render it precarious, particularly when instrumentalised through states of exception, surveillance technologies or social perceptions of insecurity. It was concluded that the balance between liberty and security requires perma-nent mechanisms of proportionality, transparency and democratic accountability, under pen-alty of the gradual erosion of civil liberties. The study also emphasised the need to further investigate the impacts of artificial intelligence and digital surveillance, as well as to strengthen critical citizenship as an essential safeguard of democracy.
This study analysed the relationship between liberty and security, seeking to under-stand to what extent the protection of society could justify the restriction of fundamental rights in democratic contexts. It was based on a theoretical review of classical contributions, such as those of Hobbes, Locke and Mill, and contemporary approaches, including Bauman, Lyon and Zuboff, which highlighted the dilemma’s persistence between both values. The research followed a theoretical methodology, grounded in the critical analysis of philosoph-ical, legal and sociological literature, articulated with national and international legal frame-works. The results showed that liberty and security are plural and interdependent concepts, whose articulation proved to be central to the vitality of the rule of law. It was observed that security, although indispensable to liberty, may also render it precarious, particularly when instrumentalised through states of exception, surveillance technologies or social perceptions of insecurity. It was concluded that the balance between liberty and security requires perma-nent mechanisms of proportionality, transparency and democratic accountability, under pen-alty of the gradual erosion of civil liberties. The study also emphasised the need to further investigate the impacts of artificial intelligence and digital surveillance, as well as to strengthen critical citizenship as an essential safeguard of democracy.
Descrição
Trabalho individual final do Curso de Comando e Direção Policial
Palavras-chave
democracia direitos humanos liberdade segurança vigilância democracy human rights liberty security surveillance
Contexto Educativo
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Licença CC
Sem licença CC