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Artroplastia da Anca em Caninos: Abordagem Cirúrgica e Acompanhamento Pós-Operatório
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A artroplastia total da anca (PTA) em cães é uma técnica cirúrgica ortopédica avançada
utilizada no tratamento de displasia coxofemoral severa, osteoartrose, fraturas da cabeça do
fémur, tumores ósseos e doença de Legg-Calvé-Perthes. Este trabalho de revisão aborda os
principais aspetos clínicos e técnicos da PTA, desde a seleção dos candidatos até ao
acompanhamento pós-operatório. São analisadas as diferentes próteses (cimentadas e não
cimentadas), os materiais utilizados e as abordagens cirúrgicas mais eficazes. Destaca-se a
importância de uma reabilitação física individualizada para recuperação funcional e prevenção
de complicações. A taxa de sucesso do procedimento é elevada, com recuperação locomotora
significativa e melhoria na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. As principais complicações
incluem luxação protética, infeção e laxidão do implante. A decisão de realizar a PTA deve ser
baseada em critérios clínicos e éticos, considerando o estado geral do animal e o envolvimento
dos tutores no processo. Embora seja um procedimento dispendioso, revela-se custo-efetivo
a longo prazo ao reduzir a necessidade de terapêuticas contínuas e melhorar o bem-estar
animal. São também discutidas perspetivas futuras, incluindo novos biomateriais, técnicas
minimamente invasivas e maior acessibilidade através de seguros veterinários.
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) in dogs is an advanced orthopedic surgical technique indicated for the treatment of severe hip dysplasia, osteoarthritis, femoral head fractures, bone tumors, and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. This review examines the main clinical and technical aspects of THA, from patient selection to postoperative care. It discusses the types of prostheses (cemented vs. uncemented), the materials used, and the most effective surgical approaches. Emphasis is placed on the role of individualized physical rehabilitation in achieving functional recovery and preventing complications. The procedure has a high success rate, with notable improvements in mobility and quality of life. Common complications include prosthetic dislocation, infection, and implant loosening. The decision to perform THA should be based on both clinical and ethical criteria, considering the overall condition of the animal and the informed involvement of the owner. Although initially costly, THA is cost-effective over time by reducing the need for chronic therapies and enhancing the animal’s well-being. The work also highlights future perspectives, including the development of improved biomaterials, minimally invasive techniques, and broader access through veterinary health insurance.
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) in dogs is an advanced orthopedic surgical technique indicated for the treatment of severe hip dysplasia, osteoarthritis, femoral head fractures, bone tumors, and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. This review examines the main clinical and technical aspects of THA, from patient selection to postoperative care. It discusses the types of prostheses (cemented vs. uncemented), the materials used, and the most effective surgical approaches. Emphasis is placed on the role of individualized physical rehabilitation in achieving functional recovery and preventing complications. The procedure has a high success rate, with notable improvements in mobility and quality of life. Common complications include prosthetic dislocation, infection, and implant loosening. The decision to perform THA should be based on both clinical and ethical criteria, considering the overall condition of the animal and the informed involvement of the owner. Although initially costly, THA is cost-effective over time by reducing the need for chronic therapies and enhancing the animal’s well-being. The work also highlights future perspectives, including the development of improved biomaterials, minimally invasive techniques, and broader access through veterinary health insurance.
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Palavras-chave
Artroplastia total da anca Cães Cirurgia ortopédica Prótese Reabilitação Pós-operatório Total hip arthroplasty Dogs Orthopedic surgery Prosthesis Rehabilitation Postoperative care