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Promoção do cuidado-de-si à pessoa idosa com dor crónica, sob terapêutica opióide: Intervenção especializada de enfermagem
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Abstract(s)
A dor crónica apresenta uma prevalência significativa na população portuguesa (Antunes, Pereira, Afonso & Tinoco 2021). A presença de dor, pode-se traduzir num elevado impacto na qualidade de vida da pessoa, família e/ou pessoa significativa, com sequelas psicológicas, isolamento e incapacidade (Barbosa, Pina, Tavares & Neto, 2016; DGS, 2017). Segundo a Direção Geral de Saúde (2010), o controlo da dor crónica na pessoa idosa pode ser complementando com o uso de meios farmacológicos. As particularidades da gestão da dor na pessoa idosa, devido aos riscos associados às opções farmacológicas, representam uma dificuldade na abordagem, neste grupo populacional.
Deste modo, foi elaborado um projeto formativo com a finalidade de desenvolver competências como enfermeira mestre e especialista, em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica, na Área de Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Crónica, centrado na pessoa idosa com dor crónica a realizar terapêutica opióide, tendo por base intervenções promotoras do Cuidado-de-Si e o desenvolvimento de um trabalho de investigação, com o objetivo de conhecer as crenças da pessoa idosa com dor crónica alusivas à terapêutica opióide. Este projeto desenvolveu-se, através da realização de atividades nos dois momentos de estágios: num serviço de medicina e num centro multidisciplinar de dor.
Como resultados verificou-se a aquisição de conhecimentos sobre dor crónica, terapêutica opióide, envelhecimento e o modelo de cuidados de parceira de Gomes (2021). Dos resultados do estudo de investigação foi possível identificar e comparar as crenças, que pela literatura podem ser consideradas como barreira e/ou facilitadoras ao uso de terapêutica opióide.
Assim foi possível a concretização de um percurso, onde a minha atuação com a pessoa idosa com dor crónica, permitiu o desenvolvimento de competências comuns de enfermeira especialista, de enfermeira especialista em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica na Área de Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Crónica, nos domínios inerentes aos mesmos e de mestre, através de reflexões sobre as implicações e responsabilidades éticas e sociais e elaboração de projetos de investigação.
Chronic pain has a significant prevalence in the Portuguese population (Antunes, Pereira, Afonso & Tinoco 2021). The presence of pain can have a high impact on the quality of life of the person, family and/or significant person, with psychological sequelae, isolation and disability (Barbosa, Pina, Tavares & Neto, 2016; DGS, 2017). According to the General Directorate of Health (2010), the control of chronic pain in the elderly can be complemented with the use of pharmacological means. The particularities of pain management in the elderly, due to the risks associated with pharmacological options, represent a difficulty in the approach in this population group. Therefore, a training project was developed with the purpose of developing skills as a master nurse and specialist, in Medical-Surgical Nursing, in the Area of Nursing to the Person in Chronic Situation, focused on the elderly person with chronic pain, who undergo opioid therapy, based on interventions that promote Self-Care and the development of a research work, with the aim of knowing the beliefs of the elderly person with chronic pain alluding to opioid therapy. This project was developed through the realization of activities in the two moments of internships: in a medical service and in a multidisciplinary pain center. As a result, the was an acquisition of knowledge about chronic pain, opioid therapy, aging and the partner care model of Gomes (2021) were verified. From the results of the research study, it was possible to identify and compare the beliefs, which in the literature can be considered as barriers and/or facilitators to the use of opioid therapy. It was possible to carry out a path, where my work with the elderly person with chronic pain, allowed the development of common skills of specialist nurse, specialist nurse in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the Area of Nursing to the Chronically Situation, in the domains inherent to them and master, through reflections on the ethical and social implications and responsibilities and elaboration of research projects.
Chronic pain has a significant prevalence in the Portuguese population (Antunes, Pereira, Afonso & Tinoco 2021). The presence of pain can have a high impact on the quality of life of the person, family and/or significant person, with psychological sequelae, isolation and disability (Barbosa, Pina, Tavares & Neto, 2016; DGS, 2017). According to the General Directorate of Health (2010), the control of chronic pain in the elderly can be complemented with the use of pharmacological means. The particularities of pain management in the elderly, due to the risks associated with pharmacological options, represent a difficulty in the approach in this population group. Therefore, a training project was developed with the purpose of developing skills as a master nurse and specialist, in Medical-Surgical Nursing, in the Area of Nursing to the Person in Chronic Situation, focused on the elderly person with chronic pain, who undergo opioid therapy, based on interventions that promote Self-Care and the development of a research work, with the aim of knowing the beliefs of the elderly person with chronic pain alluding to opioid therapy. This project was developed through the realization of activities in the two moments of internships: in a medical service and in a multidisciplinary pain center. As a result, the was an acquisition of knowledge about chronic pain, opioid therapy, aging and the partner care model of Gomes (2021) were verified. From the results of the research study, it was possible to identify and compare the beliefs, which in the literature can be considered as barriers and/or facilitators to the use of opioid therapy. It was possible to carry out a path, where my work with the elderly person with chronic pain, allowed the development of common skills of specialist nurse, specialist nurse in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the Area of Nursing to the Chronically Situation, in the domains inherent to them and master, through reflections on the ethical and social implications and responsibilities and elaboration of research projects.
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Keywords
Enfermagem geriátrica Dor crónica Modelos de assistência à saúde Autocuidado Crenças Idoso