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Manifestações orais de reações adversas medicamentosas
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| 3.18 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Existe uma grande diversidade de fármacos, que são utilizados para prevenir ou controlar diversas patologias na generalidade da população, que a podem expor ao risco de desenvolver reações adversas. Estas reações adversas, podem ocorrer em diversos locais do nosso organismo, nomeadamente na cavidade oral.
Apesar de os medicamentos serem uma das ferramentas terapêuticas mais robustas com eficácia comprovada para melhorar a qualidade de vida da população, a sua utilização não está isenta de efeitos adversos. Atualmente, existem cada vez mais pacientes polimedicados, pelo que por vezes é difícil estabelecer a causa dos efeitos adversos gerados pela medicação. Sabe-se também que a polimedicação aumenta de forma exponencial a ocorrência dos mesmos quando se utilizam em simultâneo quatro ou mais
fármacos.
Para além das características intrínsecas aos fármacos, como a farmacocinética, farmacodinâmica e dosagem, também as características individuais, nomeadamente a idade, predisposição genética, hábitos de higiene e estilo de vida podem aumentar ou diminuir a intensidade e a forma como as reações adversas medicamentosas se manifestam na população.
Os efeitos adversos mais frequentes na cavidade oral, associados ao uso medicamentos, são a xerostomia, a disgeusia, a síndrome da boca ardente, reações liquenóides, pênfigo, úlceras orais, eritema multiforme, mucosite, hiperplasia gengival, angioedema, halitose, pigmentações e osteonecrose dos maxilares, entre outros.
Devido ao aumento da esperança média de vida de forma generalizada, juntamente com a necessidade de a população recorrer a medicação para o controlo de doenças crónicas entre outras patologias, torna-se indispensável que o médico dentista esteja familiarizado com os efeitos adversos que se manifestam na cavidade oral induzidos pela terapêutica.
Nowadays, there is a great diversity of drugs, which are used to prevent or control various pathologies in the general population that can expose them to the risk of developing adverse reactions. These reactions can occur in different places of our body namely in the oral cavity. Although drugs are the most powerful therapeutic tool we own to improve the population’s quality of life, their use is not free of side effects, and some can be quite severe. There are many polymedicated patients, so it is sometimes difficult to find the cause of the adverse effects caused by the medication, also the number of occurrences tends to increase exponentially when four or more drugs are combined. Several factors related to the drug, such as pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and dosage and to the individual itself, namely age, genetic predisposition, hygiene habits and lifestyle can increase or decrease the intensity and way how adverse drug reactions are manifested. The most frequent adverse effects associated with drug use in the oral cavity are xerostomia, dysgeusia, pemphigus, oral ulcers, erythema multiforme, mucositis, gingival hyperplasia, angioedema, halitosis, pigmentation, and osteonecrosis of the jaws, among others. The general increase in average life expectancy, together with the need for the population to resort to medication to control chronic diseases, among other pathologies makes it mandatory for the Dentist to be familiarized with the manifestations that can occur in the oral cavity induced by therapy.
Nowadays, there is a great diversity of drugs, which are used to prevent or control various pathologies in the general population that can expose them to the risk of developing adverse reactions. These reactions can occur in different places of our body namely in the oral cavity. Although drugs are the most powerful therapeutic tool we own to improve the population’s quality of life, their use is not free of side effects, and some can be quite severe. There are many polymedicated patients, so it is sometimes difficult to find the cause of the adverse effects caused by the medication, also the number of occurrences tends to increase exponentially when four or more drugs are combined. Several factors related to the drug, such as pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and dosage and to the individual itself, namely age, genetic predisposition, hygiene habits and lifestyle can increase or decrease the intensity and way how adverse drug reactions are manifested. The most frequent adverse effects associated with drug use in the oral cavity are xerostomia, dysgeusia, pemphigus, oral ulcers, erythema multiforme, mucositis, gingival hyperplasia, angioedema, halitosis, pigmentation, and osteonecrosis of the jaws, among others. The general increase in average life expectancy, together with the need for the population to resort to medication to control chronic diseases, among other pathologies makes it mandatory for the Dentist to be familiarized with the manifestations that can occur in the oral cavity induced by therapy.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Reação adversa medicamentosa Manifestações orais Reação induzida por fármacos Efeitos adversos