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Riscos psicossociais e hostilidade em técnicos no sistema de justiça português
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Resumo(s)
Os riscos psicossociais configuram um fenómeno complexo, preocupante e amplamente prevalente no contexto laboral, representando uma ameaça significativa à saúde, ao bem-estar e à segurança dos profissionais. Paralelamente, a sintomatologia psicopatológica, nomeadamente a manifestação de hostilidade, pode constituir tanto um fator de risco psicossocial como uma consequência de contextos laborais adversos. A identificação e a prevenção destas problemáticas assumem, assim, um papel fundamental na promoção e manutenção de ambientes de trabalho saudáveis, favoráveis e sustentáveis.
Neste sentido, o presente estudo teve como principais objetivos: (a) compreender de que forma os riscos psicossociais afetam técnicos que exercem funções no Sistema de Justiça Português; (b) verificar se estes profissionais manifestam indicadores de hostilidade; e (c) analisar a relação entre os riscos psicossociais e a hostilidade.
A amostra foi constituída por 24 profissionais (N=24) que desempenham funções no Sistema de Justiça Português, nomeadamente nas áreas da Psicologia Forense, da Reinserção Social (Probation), do Sistema Prisional e do Apoio a Vítimas, com idades compreendidas entre os 23 e os 65 anos. A recolha de dados foi realizada através do preenchimento de um questionário online, que incluiu a recolha de informação sociodemográfica e a aplicação das versões portuguesas de dois instrumentos psicométricos: o Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire-II (COPSOQ-II) e o Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI).
A análise dos resultados revelou que, para a maioria das subescalas do COPSOQ-II (riscos psicossociais), bem como para a dimensão “Hostilidade” do BSI, as médias obtidas situaram-se dentro dos valores observados na população portuguesa em geral. Por último, observou-se que diversos riscos psicossociais apresentam correlações significativas com a hostilidade (e.g., exigências cognitivas e emocionais, baixa qualidade da liderança, ausência de apoio social de superiores, níveis elevados de stress e burnout, entre outros), indicando que a presença destes riscos nos contextos laborais poderá acarretar a manifestação de comportamentos hostis por parte dos profissionais que exercem no Sistema de Justiça Português.
Psychosocial risks constitute a complex, concerning, and highly prevalent phenomenon within the workplace, representing a significant threat to the health, well-being, and safety of professionals. Likewise, psychopathological symptoms, particularly the manifestation of hostility, may function either as a psychosocial risk factor or as a consequence of adverse working environments. The identification and prevention of these issues therefore play a crucial role in promoting and maintaining healthy, supportive, and sustainable work environments. Accordingly, the present study aimed to: (a) understand how psychosocial risks affect professionals working within the Portuguese Justice System; (b) examine whether these professionals display indicators of hostility; and (c) analyze the relationship between psychosocial risks and hostility. The sample consisted of 24 professionals (N=24) working within the Portuguese Justice System, specifically in the areas of Forensic Psychology, Probation, the Prison System, and Victim Support, aged between 23 and 65 years. Data collection was conducted through an online questionnaire, which included sociodemographic information and the administration of the Portuguese versions of two psychometric instruments: the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire-II (COPSOQ-II) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). The analysis of results revealed that, for most COPSOQ-II subscales (psychosocial risks) as well as for the “Hostility” dimension of the BSI, the mean scores fell within the range of values observed in the general Portuguese population. Finally, several psychosocial risks were found to be significantly correlated with hostility (e.g., cognitive and emotional demands, poor leadership quality, lack of social support from supervisors, high levels of stress and burnout, among others), indicating that the presence of these risks in the workplace may lead to the manifestation of hostile behaviours among professionals working within the Portuguese Justice System.
Psychosocial risks constitute a complex, concerning, and highly prevalent phenomenon within the workplace, representing a significant threat to the health, well-being, and safety of professionals. Likewise, psychopathological symptoms, particularly the manifestation of hostility, may function either as a psychosocial risk factor or as a consequence of adverse working environments. The identification and prevention of these issues therefore play a crucial role in promoting and maintaining healthy, supportive, and sustainable work environments. Accordingly, the present study aimed to: (a) understand how psychosocial risks affect professionals working within the Portuguese Justice System; (b) examine whether these professionals display indicators of hostility; and (c) analyze the relationship between psychosocial risks and hostility. The sample consisted of 24 professionals (N=24) working within the Portuguese Justice System, specifically in the areas of Forensic Psychology, Probation, the Prison System, and Victim Support, aged between 23 and 65 years. Data collection was conducted through an online questionnaire, which included sociodemographic information and the administration of the Portuguese versions of two psychometric instruments: the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire-II (COPSOQ-II) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). The analysis of results revealed that, for most COPSOQ-II subscales (psychosocial risks) as well as for the “Hostility” dimension of the BSI, the mean scores fell within the range of values observed in the general Portuguese population. Finally, several psychosocial risks were found to be significantly correlated with hostility (e.g., cognitive and emotional demands, poor leadership quality, lack of social support from supervisors, high levels of stress and burnout, among others), indicating that the presence of these risks in the workplace may lead to the manifestation of hostile behaviours among professionals working within the Portuguese Justice System.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Riscos psicossociais Hostilidade Técnicos Sistema de justiça português Psicologia forense Probation Prisão Apoio à vítima