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As doenças crónicas, doenças de longa duração e progressão lenta, não curáveis mas
potencialmente controláveis, tais como as doenças cardiovasculares, a doença pulmonar
obstrutiva crónica, as doenças osteoarticulares e as doenças cerebrovasculares, entre outras,
implicam uma autogestão eficaz do regime terapêutico medicamentoso, dietético e de exercício
físico, um autocuidado responsável com mudanças de comportamento e estilos de vida, e o
desenvolvimento de habilidades que permitam o seu controlo e a prevenção de complicações.
No caso concreto dos Acidentes Vasculares Cerebrais, várias são as doenças crónicas que se
constituem como fatores de risco modificáveis para a sua ocorrência. Os enfermeiros devem
desenvolver competências especializadas, de modo a auxiliar as pessoas: no processo de
reconstrução de autonomia no autocuidado, após evento agudo gerador de dependência; na
facilitação da transição saúde/doença, independência/dependência e na transição situacional do
familiar cuidador; e na prevenção secundária deste tipo de eventos e futuras complicações.
Desta forma, irão ao encontro do mandato social da profissão, contribuindo também, para a
prestação de cuidados seguros e de qualidade, baseados na melhor evidência.
O presente relatório documenta o processo de execução de um projeto centrado no
desenvolvimento de competências clínicas especializadas em enfermagem médico-cirúrgica, na
área da enfermagem à pessoa em situação crónica, no âmbito da pessoa com patologia
cerebrovascular geradora de dependência, acompanhado de um processo de reflexão crítica,
ancorado em referenciais teóricos como a Teoria das Transições de Afaf Meleis e a Teoria do
Autocuidado de Dorothea Orem, em torno da experiência da prática clínica desenvolvida nos
contextos onde decorreram os estágios. Este documento insere-se no âmbito da unidade
curricular Estágio de Natureza Profissional, com relatório - Módulo II, que integra o curso de
Mestrado em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica na área de Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação
Crónica da Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto. O seu grande propósito consiste em
evidenciar a aquisição de competências especializadas no âmbito do processo de reconstrução
da autonomia e da facilitação do processo de transição da pessoa com patologia
cerebrovascular, geradora de dependência, e do seu familiar cuidador, norteando-nos pelas
competências transversais expressas no Regulamento das Competências Comuns do Enfermeiro
Especialista e das Competências Específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem
Médico-Cirúrgica na área de Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Crónica. Assim, optou-se pelo
seu desdobramento em seis objetivos e pela definição de atividades que permitissem atingi-los
Chronic diseases, long-term, slow-progressing, non-curable but potentially controllable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, osteoarticular diseases, oncological and cerebrovascular diseases require effective self-management of the therapeutic regime of medication, diet and physical exercise, responsible self-care with changes in behaviour and lifestyles, and the development of skills to control them and prevent complications. In the specific case of strokes, several chronic diseases are modifiable risk factors for their occurrence. Nurses must develop specialised skills in order to help people: in the process of rebuilding autonomy in self-care after an acute event that generates dependence; in facilitating the health/illness, independence/dependence transition and the family carer's situational transition; and in the secondary prevention of this type of event and future complications. In this way, they will fulfil the profession's social mandate and also contribute to the provision of safe, quality care based on the best evidence. This report documents the process of carrying out a project centred on the development of specialised clinical skills in medical-surgical nursing, in the area of nursing the chronically ill person, in the context of the person with cerebrovascular pathology that generates dependency, accompanied by a process of critical reflection, anchored in theoretical references such as Afaf Meleis' Transitions Theory and Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory, around the experience of clinical practice developed in the contexts where the internships took place. This document is part of the curricular unit Professional Internship, with report - Module II, which is part of the Master's programme in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of Nursing for People in Chronic Situations at the Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto. The main purpose of this report is to highlight the acquisition of specialised skills in the process of rebuilding autonomy and facilitating the transition process of people with cerebrovascular pathology, which creates dependency, and their family carers, guided by the transversal skills expressed in the Regulation of the Common Competences of the Specialist Nurse and the Specific Competences of the Specialist Nurse in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of Nursing for People in Chronic Situations. In order to realise this purpose, it was decided to break it down into objectives and define activities that would enable them to be achieved.
Chronic diseases, long-term, slow-progressing, non-curable but potentially controllable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, osteoarticular diseases, oncological and cerebrovascular diseases require effective self-management of the therapeutic regime of medication, diet and physical exercise, responsible self-care with changes in behaviour and lifestyles, and the development of skills to control them and prevent complications. In the specific case of strokes, several chronic diseases are modifiable risk factors for their occurrence. Nurses must develop specialised skills in order to help people: in the process of rebuilding autonomy in self-care after an acute event that generates dependence; in facilitating the health/illness, independence/dependence transition and the family carer's situational transition; and in the secondary prevention of this type of event and future complications. In this way, they will fulfil the profession's social mandate and also contribute to the provision of safe, quality care based on the best evidence. This report documents the process of carrying out a project centred on the development of specialised clinical skills in medical-surgical nursing, in the area of nursing the chronically ill person, in the context of the person with cerebrovascular pathology that generates dependency, accompanied by a process of critical reflection, anchored in theoretical references such as Afaf Meleis' Transitions Theory and Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory, around the experience of clinical practice developed in the contexts where the internships took place. This document is part of the curricular unit Professional Internship, with report - Module II, which is part of the Master's programme in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of Nursing for People in Chronic Situations at the Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto. The main purpose of this report is to highlight the acquisition of specialised skills in the process of rebuilding autonomy and facilitating the transition process of people with cerebrovascular pathology, which creates dependency, and their family carers, guided by the transversal skills expressed in the Regulation of the Common Competences of the Specialist Nurse and the Specific Competences of the Specialist Nurse in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of Nursing for People in Chronic Situations. In order to realise this purpose, it was decided to break it down into objectives and define activities that would enable them to be achieved.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica Dependência Funcional Autocuidado Acidente Vascular Cerebral Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente
