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Atividade física, independência funcional e desempenho cognitivo: Ujm estudo descritivo correlacional em clientes idosos alovo dos cuidados de enfermagem de realibitação na RAM
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Abstract(s)
Este estudo em clientes idosos alvo dos cuidados de enfermagem em reabilitação,
teve por objetivos os seguintes: (1) caraterizar esta população no que respeita às variáveis
sociodemográficas e perfil de necessidades; (2) analisar diferenças associadas ao género na
atividade física (AF), independência funcional e desempenho cognitivo; e (3) analisar as
relações entre as variáveis anteriores.
Este estudo transversal, de natureza quantitativa, descritivo e correlacional, analisou
uma amostra de 131 idosos, com idades compreendidas entre 65,4 e os 92,3 anos, que
foram alvo dos cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação na RAM no dia 5 junho de 2019.
As variáveis sociodemográficas, a AF, a independência física e a função cognitiva foram
avaliadas a partir de instrumentos validados para a população portuguesa.
A amostra foi constituída, maioritariamente, por indivíduos do sexo feminino,
residentes no domicílio familiar, casados ou em união de facto, com o 1º Ciclo do Ensino
Básico, reformados/inválidos e com dificuldades na mobilidade. Não foram identificadas
diferenças associadas ao género nas variáveis estudadas, à exceção das atividades
domésticas (favorecendo as mulheres). Verificou-se uma correlação significativa moderada
e positiva entre a AF Total e o Índice de Barthel (Rho=.322, p<.001), e o desempenho
cognitivo (Rho=.385, p<.001).
Os cuidados de enfermagem em reabilitação devem considerar as especificidades
sociodemográficas, assim como o perfil de necessidades dos clientes no planeamento dos
cuidados. A manutenção de níveis mais elevados de AF, em particular as atividades
domésticas, têm uma correlação positiva com os níveis de independência e desempenho
cognitivo.
This study in elderly clients targeted by nursing care in rehabilitation, had as objectives: (1) to characterize this population with regard to sociodemographic variables and needs profile; (2) analyse differences associated with gender in physical activity (PA), functional independence and cognitive performance; and (3) analyse the relationships between the previous variables. This cross-sectional, quantitative nature, descriptive and correlational study analysed a sample of 131 elderly, aged between 65,4 and 92,3 years, who were the target of rehabilitation nursing care in RAM on June 5, 2019. Sociodemographic variables, PA, physical independence and cognitive function were evaluated from validated instruments for the portuguese population. The sample consisted mostly of female individuals living in family home, married or in de facto union, with the 1st Cycle of Primary Education, retired/invalid and with mobility difficulties. No gender-associated differences were identified in the variables studied, except for domestic activities (favouring women). There was a moderate and positive significant correlation between Total PA and Barthel index (Rho=.322, p<.001), and cognitive performance (Rho=.385, p<.001). Nursing care in rehabilitation should consider sociodemographic specificities, as well as the profile of customer needs in care planning. Maintaining higher levels of PA, particularly domestic activities, has a positive correlation with levels of independence and cognitive performance.
This study in elderly clients targeted by nursing care in rehabilitation, had as objectives: (1) to characterize this population with regard to sociodemographic variables and needs profile; (2) analyse differences associated with gender in physical activity (PA), functional independence and cognitive performance; and (3) analyse the relationships between the previous variables. This cross-sectional, quantitative nature, descriptive and correlational study analysed a sample of 131 elderly, aged between 65,4 and 92,3 years, who were the target of rehabilitation nursing care in RAM on June 5, 2019. Sociodemographic variables, PA, physical independence and cognitive function were evaluated from validated instruments for the portuguese population. The sample consisted mostly of female individuals living in family home, married or in de facto union, with the 1st Cycle of Primary Education, retired/invalid and with mobility difficulties. No gender-associated differences were identified in the variables studied, except for domestic activities (favouring women). There was a moderate and positive significant correlation between Total PA and Barthel index (Rho=.322, p<.001), and cognitive performance (Rho=.385, p<.001). Nursing care in rehabilitation should consider sociodemographic specificities, as well as the profile of customer needs in care planning. Maintaining higher levels of PA, particularly domestic activities, has a positive correlation with levels of independence and cognitive performance.
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Keywords
envelhecimento pessoas idosas atividade física independência funcional desempenho cognitivo