Loading...
Publication
A importância da medicina dentária forense na identificação dos corpos
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.39 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Em 2021, a Ordem dos Médicos Dentistas (OMD) em Portugal contava com 12.235 profissionais dedicados à saúde buco-dentária. No entanto, os dentistas podem ser solicitados para identificar as vítimas, quer por razões criminais, sociais, matrimoniais ou financeiras. Além dos seus cuidados diários, desempenham um papel crucial na medicina dentária forense.
Os tratamentos e os registos dos pacientes são únicos graças às técnicas modernas, como a extração de ADN, a análise de saliva e as radiografias. Estes métodos criam impressões que comprovam a unicidade de cada boca. Cada indicador anatómico, patológico, fisiológico e terapêutico é minuciosamente examinado para identificar um cadáver.
Os dentes e os tecidos associados, bem como algumas restaurações, possuem uma resistência natural ao fogo, à erosão e aos produtos químicos. Esta resistência faz dos dentes um meio preciso e fiável para identificar vítimas, especialmente quando os corpos estão carbonizados ou em estado avançado de decomposição. Esta área, chamada medicina dentária forense, foi oficialmente reconhecida graças aos trabalhos do Dr. Amödeo e ao seu livro "A Arte Dentária em Medicina Legal", publicado em 1898. Desde então, esta disciplina foi integrada no sistema judicial.
A medicina dentária forense é frequentemente utilizada em casos criminais e catástrofes naturais. Por exemplo, desempenhou um papel essencial no acidente de avião na Baía de Botany, na Austrália, em 1961. Destaca-se pela sua capacidade de identificar falecidos quando os métodos tradicionais, como o reconhecimento visual ou as impressões digitais, não são mais possíveis.
Em resumo, embora o principal objetivo dos dentistas seja manter a saúde buco-dentária dos seus pacientes, a sua experiência em medicina forense é indispensável para a identificação de pessoas falecidas em situações extremas, reforçando assim o seu papel na justiça e na sociedade.
In 2021, the Ordem dos Médicos Dentistas (OMD) in Portugal had 12,235 professionals dedicated to oral health. However, dentists may be called upon to identify deceased individuals for criminal, social, matrimonial, or financial reasons. In addition to their daily care, they play a crucial role in forensic dentistry. The treatments and patient records are unique due to modern techniques such as DNA extraction, saliva analysis, and radiographs. These methods create impressions that prove the uniqueness of each mouth. Each anatomical, pathological, physiological, and therapeutic indicator is meticulously examined to identify a cadaver. Teeth and associated tissues, as well as some restorations, have a natural resistance to fire, erosion, and chemicals. This resistance makes teeth a precise and reliable means for identifying victims, especially when bodies are charred or in an advanced state of decomposition. This field, called forensic dentistry, was officially recognized thanks to the work of Dr. Amödeo and his book "The Art of Dentistry in Legal Medicine," published in 1898. Since then, this discipline has been integrated into the judicial system. Forensic dentistry is often used in criminal cases and natural disasters. For example, it played a key role in the plane crash in Botany Bay, Australia, in 1961. It is distinguished by its ability to identify deceased individuals when traditional methods such as visual recognition or fingerprints are no longer possible. In summary, although the primary goal of dentists is to maintain their patients' oral health, their expertise in forensic dentistry is indispensable for identifying deceased individuals in extreme situations, thereby reinforcing their role in justice and society.
In 2021, the Ordem dos Médicos Dentistas (OMD) in Portugal had 12,235 professionals dedicated to oral health. However, dentists may be called upon to identify deceased individuals for criminal, social, matrimonial, or financial reasons. In addition to their daily care, they play a crucial role in forensic dentistry. The treatments and patient records are unique due to modern techniques such as DNA extraction, saliva analysis, and radiographs. These methods create impressions that prove the uniqueness of each mouth. Each anatomical, pathological, physiological, and therapeutic indicator is meticulously examined to identify a cadaver. Teeth and associated tissues, as well as some restorations, have a natural resistance to fire, erosion, and chemicals. This resistance makes teeth a precise and reliable means for identifying victims, especially when bodies are charred or in an advanced state of decomposition. This field, called forensic dentistry, was officially recognized thanks to the work of Dr. Amödeo and his book "The Art of Dentistry in Legal Medicine," published in 1898. Since then, this discipline has been integrated into the judicial system. Forensic dentistry is often used in criminal cases and natural disasters. For example, it played a key role in the plane crash in Botany Bay, Australia, in 1961. It is distinguished by its ability to identify deceased individuals when traditional methods such as visual recognition or fingerprints are no longer possible. In summary, although the primary goal of dentists is to maintain their patients' oral health, their expertise in forensic dentistry is indispensable for identifying deceased individuals in extreme situations, thereby reinforcing their role in justice and society.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Medicina dentária forense Identificação dentária Desastres naturais ADN