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Intervenção do enfermeiro de reabilitação no período pré-operatório da pessoa submetida a cirurgia cardíaca
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Abstract(s)
Apesar das múltiplas técnicas de reperfusão, percutâneas e minimamente invasivas, a Cirurgia de Revascularização do Miocárdio ainda é bastante utilizada, sendo que as pessoas submetidas a esta cirurgia apresentam várias necessidades, tanto no período pré-operatório, pelo descondicionamento físico e psicológico no tempo de espera até à cirurgia, como no pós-operatório, pela presença de alguns fatores que predispõem a pessoa para maior risco de complicações pós-operatórias. A atuação no período pré-operatório trará implicações na recuperação da pessoa submetida a esta intervenção cirúrgica, permitindo a melhoria da sua funcionalidade, pela preparação para suportar a agressão associada à cirurgia, reduzindo assim o risco de complicações no pós-operatório, o tempo de internamento e os custos associados aos cuidados de saúde.
O presente relatório pretende demonstrar quais as intervenções que o Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Reabilitação pode implementar no período pré-operatório da pessoa submetida a esta cirurgia, que influenciam positivamente o processo de recuperação da pessoa, através da realização de uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura. Pretende igualmente demonstrar o desenvolvimento das Competências Específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Reabilitação e as Competências Comuns do Enfermeiro Especialista, ambas preconizadas pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros, bem como as competências associadas à obtenção do grau académico de Mestre, tendo em conta as atividades realizadas durante os diversos Ensinos Clínicos realizados. Foi escolhida a Teoria de Transições de Afaf Meleis como teoria orientadora deste relatório, visto que possibilita o conhecimento da transição que a pessoa vivencia e como a mesma é percecionada, bem como o entendimento se a pessoa se encontra preparada para a transição e se demonstra mestria nas novas competências que adquiriu.
Despite the multiple percutaneous and minimally invasive reperfusion techniques, Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery is still widely used, and people undergoing this surgery have several needs, both in the preoperative period, due to the physical and psychological deconditioning in the waiting time until surgery, and in the postoperative period, due to the presence of some factors that predispose the person to a higher risk of postoperative complications. The action in the preoperative period will have implications in the recovery of the person undergoing this surgical intervention, allowing the improvement of their functionality, by preparing them to withstand the aggression associated with the surgery, thus reducing the risk of postoperative complications, the length of hospital stay and the costs associated with health care. This report aims to demonstrate which interventions the Specialist Nurse in Rehabilitation Nursing can implement in the preoperative period of the person undergoing this surgery, that positively influence the person's recovery process, through a Systematic Review of the Literature. It also aims to demonstrate the development of the Specific Skills of the Specialist Nurse in Rehabilitation Nursing and the Common Skills of the Specialist Nurse, both recommended by Ordem dos Enfermeiros, as well as the competencies associated with obtaining the academic degree of Master, taking into account the activities carried out during the various internships. Afaf Meleis' Theory of Transitions was chosen as the guiding theory of this report, since it enables the knowledge of the transition that the person experiences and how it is perceived, as well as the understanding of whether the person is prepared for the transition and whether he demonstrates mastery in the new skills he has acquired.
Despite the multiple percutaneous and minimally invasive reperfusion techniques, Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery is still widely used, and people undergoing this surgery have several needs, both in the preoperative period, due to the physical and psychological deconditioning in the waiting time until surgery, and in the postoperative period, due to the presence of some factors that predispose the person to a higher risk of postoperative complications. The action in the preoperative period will have implications in the recovery of the person undergoing this surgical intervention, allowing the improvement of their functionality, by preparing them to withstand the aggression associated with the surgery, thus reducing the risk of postoperative complications, the length of hospital stay and the costs associated with health care. This report aims to demonstrate which interventions the Specialist Nurse in Rehabilitation Nursing can implement in the preoperative period of the person undergoing this surgery, that positively influence the person's recovery process, through a Systematic Review of the Literature. It also aims to demonstrate the development of the Specific Skills of the Specialist Nurse in Rehabilitation Nursing and the Common Skills of the Specialist Nurse, both recommended by Ordem dos Enfermeiros, as well as the competencies associated with obtaining the academic degree of Master, taking into account the activities carried out during the various internships. Afaf Meleis' Theory of Transitions was chosen as the guiding theory of this report, since it enables the knowledge of the transition that the person experiences and how it is perceived, as well as the understanding of whether the person is prepared for the transition and whether he demonstrates mastery in the new skills he has acquired.
Description
Keywords
Enfermagem em reabilitação Cirurgia torácica Período pré-operatório Exercício pré-operatório Revisão sistemática