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Publication
A Investigação de Crimes Através de Meios Eletrónicos pela GNR
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Authors
Pereira, Diogo Alexandre Barreto
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho de investigação aplicada está subordinado ao tema “A investigação crimes através de meios eletrónicos pela GNR”, e tem como objetivo principal, perceber de que forma a instituição procede à investigação de burlas através de plataformas digitais como sites de compra e venda de produtos, burlas com recurso a telemóveis ou computadores, e ainda através de plataformas eletrónicas de pagamento com o MB Way, dado o aumento que se tem vindo a verificar deste tipo de ilícitos criminais.
A investigação foi dividida em duas partes, uma teórica e uma prática. Na parte teórica procurou desenvolver-se um enquadramento teórico, onde se mostram os diferentes tipo de crimes relacionados com uso de meios eletrónicos e informáticos existentes, bem como, através de uma análise da legislação vigente em Portugal, perceber qual a competência da Guarda Nacional Republicana na investigação deste tipo de crimes. Na parte prática, aplicou-se uma estratégia qualitativa, tendo por base o método indutivo. Ao nível da recolha de dados e análise documental, esta foi feita através da realização de inquéritos por entrevista a militares da estrutura de Investigação Criminal da GNR.
Ao longo da investigação, foi possível perceber que ao longo da última década, os crimes realizados com recurso às novas tecnologias tem vindo a aumentar drasticamente, o que exige não só da GNR, mas também de todas as Forças e Serviços de Segurança, uma constante adaptação para poderem acompanhar a evolução da criminalidade.
Em suma, foi verificado que no seio da GNR existe já algum trabalho a ser realizado no que toca à investigação deste tipo de ilícitos, porém existirem várias lacunas que, sendo colmatadas, podem tornar a resposta institucional naquilo que os cidadãos esperam de uma instituição “próxima, humana e de confiança”. Assim, a especialização dos militares nesta área, a aquisição de equipamentos capazes de fazer face às necessidades operacionais dos investigadores, são algumas das soluções que podem ser adotadas para atingir o objetivo da GNR, a segurança pública.
The present applied research work is focused on the theme "Investigating crimes through electronic means by the GNR" and has as its main objective to understand how the institution conducts investigations into fraud through digital platforms such as online buying and selling websites, fraud using mobile phones or computers, and also through electronic payment platforms like MB Way, given the increasing trend of these types of criminal offenses. The research was divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, a theoretical framework was developed to showcase the different types of crimes related to the use of electronic and computer means, and through an analysis of the current legislation in Portugal, to understand the competence of the National Republican Guard (GNR) in investigating these types of crimes. In the practical part, a qualitative strategy was applied, based on the inductive method. Data collection and documentary analysis were conducted through interviews with members of the GNR's Criminal Investigation structure. Throughout the investigation, it was possible to observe that in the last decade, crimes committed using new technologies have been increasing drastically, which requires not only the GNR but also all the Forces and Security Services to constantly adapt in order to keep up with the evolution of criminal activities. In conclusion, it was found that the GNR is already conducting some work regarding the investigation of these types of offenses, but there are several gaps that, if filled, can make the institutional response align with what citizens expect from an institution that is "close, humane, and trustworthy". Therefore, the specialization of military personnel in this area and the acquisition of equipment capable of meeting the operational needs of investigators are some of the solutions that can be adopted to achieve the GNR's objective of public security.
The present applied research work is focused on the theme "Investigating crimes through electronic means by the GNR" and has as its main objective to understand how the institution conducts investigations into fraud through digital platforms such as online buying and selling websites, fraud using mobile phones or computers, and also through electronic payment platforms like MB Way, given the increasing trend of these types of criminal offenses. The research was divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, a theoretical framework was developed to showcase the different types of crimes related to the use of electronic and computer means, and through an analysis of the current legislation in Portugal, to understand the competence of the National Republican Guard (GNR) in investigating these types of crimes. In the practical part, a qualitative strategy was applied, based on the inductive method. Data collection and documentary analysis were conducted through interviews with members of the GNR's Criminal Investigation structure. Throughout the investigation, it was possible to observe that in the last decade, crimes committed using new technologies have been increasing drastically, which requires not only the GNR but also all the Forces and Security Services to constantly adapt in order to keep up with the evolution of criminal activities. In conclusion, it was found that the GNR is already conducting some work regarding the investigation of these types of offenses, but there are several gaps that, if filled, can make the institutional response align with what citizens expect from an institution that is "close, humane, and trustworthy". Therefore, the specialization of military personnel in this area and the acquisition of equipment capable of meeting the operational needs of investigators are some of the solutions that can be adopted to achieve the GNR's objective of public security.
Description
Keywords
Burla Plataformas digitais Guarda Nacional Republicana Investigação Criminal Meios Eletrónicos Fraud Digital platforms Criminal Investigation Electronic means