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Doenças sexualmente transmissíveis no contexto da medicina dentária
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Abstract(s)
A Organização Mundial da Saúde estima que diariamente cerca de 1 milhão de Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DST) como a Sífilis, Gonorreia, Tricomoníase e Clamídia são adquiridas através do contacto sexual sem proteção. Muitas acabam por ser assintomáticas tornando-se num problema mundial facilitando o contágio e reduzindo a qualidade de vida dos infetados. Embora seja um tópico sensível para alguns atualmente, tem havido alterações na prevalência destas infeções e consequentemente nas manifestações na cavidade oral associada às mesmas.
As DST podem apresentar-se como lesões que se manifestam na forma de bolhas, úlceras, placas, pápulas e nódulos, entre outros sinais e sintomas. Por isso o médico dentista tem um papel ativo tanto na promoção da prevenção, como no diagnóstico precoce, uma vez que algumas das manifestações podem aparecer em primeiro lugar na cavidade oral. Assim, cabe ao médico dentista no decorrer da consulta, relacionar estes sinais na cavidade oral às suas correspondestes DSTs.
O médico dentista deve estar preparado para reconhecer as principais interações medicamentosas que podem ocorrer devido à prescrição de fármacos durante a consulta, com a medicação que é tomada para tratar a infeção. É necessário tomar conhecimento que os pacientes com o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana são muitas vezes polimedicados.
O profissional que exerce medicina dentária está numa posição de alto risco para a exposição ocupacional de fluidos biológicos e de picadas acidentais. Muito profissionais parecem estar desinformados no que diz respeito ao protocolo a seguir, por isso a educação sobre este assunto gera um maior nível de cuidados que devem ser seguidos durante a consulta.
Esta dissertação pretende assim relacionar as DST no contexto da consulta de Medicina Dentária, destacando os seus sinais e sintomas e as suas respetivas abordagens terapêuticas com a ajuda da literatura científica mais recente.
The World Health Organization estimates that approximately 1 million Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), such as Syphilis, Gonorrhea, Trichomoniasis, and Chlamydia, are acquired daily through unprotected sexual contact. Many of these infections are asymptomatic, becoming a global problem by facilitating transmission and reducing the quality of life of those affected. However, since this remains a sensitive topic for some, there have been changes in the prevalence of these infections and, consequently, in their oral manifestations. STDs may present as lesions in the form of blisters, ulcers, plaques, papules, and nodules, among other signs and symptoms. Therefore, the dentist plays an active role both in promoting prevention and in early diagnosis, as some manifestations may first appear in the oral cavity. Thus, it is up to the dentist, during the consultation, to relate these signs in the oral cavity to their corresponding STDs. The dentist must also be prepared to recognize the main drug interactions that may occur due to the prescription of medications during the consultation in conjunction with the medications taken to treat the infection. It is essential to be aware that patients with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus are often on multiple medications. The dental professional is in a high-risk position for occupational exposure to biological fluids and accidental needle sticks. Many professionals seem to be uninformed about the protocols to follow, so education on this topic promotes a higher level of care that should be followed during the consultation. This dissertation, therefore, aims to relate STDs in the context of dental consultations, highlighting their signs and symptoms and their respective therapeutic approaches, with the help of the most recent scientific literature.
The World Health Organization estimates that approximately 1 million Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), such as Syphilis, Gonorrhea, Trichomoniasis, and Chlamydia, are acquired daily through unprotected sexual contact. Many of these infections are asymptomatic, becoming a global problem by facilitating transmission and reducing the quality of life of those affected. However, since this remains a sensitive topic for some, there have been changes in the prevalence of these infections and, consequently, in their oral manifestations. STDs may present as lesions in the form of blisters, ulcers, plaques, papules, and nodules, among other signs and symptoms. Therefore, the dentist plays an active role both in promoting prevention and in early diagnosis, as some manifestations may first appear in the oral cavity. Thus, it is up to the dentist, during the consultation, to relate these signs in the oral cavity to their corresponding STDs. The dentist must also be prepared to recognize the main drug interactions that may occur due to the prescription of medications during the consultation in conjunction with the medications taken to treat the infection. It is essential to be aware that patients with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus are often on multiple medications. The dental professional is in a high-risk position for occupational exposure to biological fluids and accidental needle sticks. Many professionals seem to be uninformed about the protocols to follow, so education on this topic promotes a higher level of care that should be followed during the consultation. This dissertation, therefore, aims to relate STDs in the context of dental consultations, highlighting their signs and symptoms and their respective therapeutic approaches, with the help of the most recent scientific literature.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Doenças sexualmente transmissíveis Manifestações orais Medicina dentária Protocolo de picados