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Intervenções de enfermagem especializada na abordagem à pessoa em situação crítica com sépsis
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A sépsis constitui-se como um desafio significativo para a saúde publica, apresentando elevadas taxas de mortalidade e encargos económicos consideráveis. A incidência de sépsis tem vindo a aumentar, fenómeno associado ao envelhecimento demográfico, à maior longevidade das doenças crónicas, ao crescimento do número de pessoas imunodeprimidas e, em ambiente hospitalar, à utilização mais frequente de procedimentos invasivos. A evidência demonstra que uma intervenção precoce e adequada pode modificar o desfecho clínico.
O enfermeiro assume uma responsabilidade determinante na identificação precoce das alterações do estado clínico da PSC com sépsis, sendo indispensável a definição de planos de intervenção terapêutica. O cumprimento destes, exige o desenvolvimento de competências técnicas e não técnicas, onde a componente científica é igualmente relevante, permitindo ao profissional integrar a melhor evidência disponível na sua prática, promovendo cuidados seguros, eficazes e centrados na pessoa.
Com o propósito de adquirir as competências técnicas e científicas, fundamentais à atribuição do título de enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem médico-cirúrgica na área de enfermagem à pessoa em situação crítica e Mestre em Enfermagem, realizámos estágios em várias unidades especializadas. O presente relatório assenta numa metodologia descritiva, crítica e reflexiva das principais atividades realizadas e dos resultados alcançados nos diferentes contextos de estágio. Tem como referencial teórico, a Teoria das transições de Afaf Meleis e todo este percurso foi desenvolvido com base no Regulamento de Competências Comuns e Específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica na Área de Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Crítica e fundamentado nos descritores de Dublin que qualificam o segundo ciclo de formação, associado ao grau de Mestre em Enfermagem.
Sepsis constitutes a significant challenge to public health, presenting high mortality rates and considerable economic burdens. The incidence of sepsis has been increasing, a phenomenon associated with demographic ageing, the greater longevity of chronic diseases, the rising number of immunocompromised individuals, and, in hospital settings, the more frequent use of invasive procedures. Evidence demonstrates that early and appropriate intervention can alter the clinical outcome. The nurse assumes a decisive responsibility in the early identification of changes in the clinical condition of the person with sepsis, making the definition of therapeutic intervention plans indispensable. The implementation of these plans requires the development of both technical and non-technical skills, in which the scientific component is equally relevant, enabling the professional to integrate the best available evidence into their practice, thereby promoting safe, effective, and person-centred care. With the purpose of acquiring the technical and scientific competences essential for the conferral of the title of specialist nurse in medical-surgical nursing in the area of nursing care to the person in critical condition and of Master in Nursing, we undertook clinical placements in various specialised units. This report is based on a descriptive, critical, and reflective methodology concerning the main activities carried out and the results achieved in the different placement contexts. Its theoretical framework is grounded in Afaf Meleis’ Theory of Transitions, and the entire process was developed in accordance with the Regulation of Common and Specific Competences of the Specialist Nurse in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the Area of Nursing Care to the Person in Critical Condition, and substantiated by the Dublin Descriptors that characterise the second cycle of studies leading to the Master's degree in Nursing.
Sepsis constitutes a significant challenge to public health, presenting high mortality rates and considerable economic burdens. The incidence of sepsis has been increasing, a phenomenon associated with demographic ageing, the greater longevity of chronic diseases, the rising number of immunocompromised individuals, and, in hospital settings, the more frequent use of invasive procedures. Evidence demonstrates that early and appropriate intervention can alter the clinical outcome. The nurse assumes a decisive responsibility in the early identification of changes in the clinical condition of the person with sepsis, making the definition of therapeutic intervention plans indispensable. The implementation of these plans requires the development of both technical and non-technical skills, in which the scientific component is equally relevant, enabling the professional to integrate the best available evidence into their practice, thereby promoting safe, effective, and person-centred care. With the purpose of acquiring the technical and scientific competences essential for the conferral of the title of specialist nurse in medical-surgical nursing in the area of nursing care to the person in critical condition and of Master in Nursing, we undertook clinical placements in various specialised units. This report is based on a descriptive, critical, and reflective methodology concerning the main activities carried out and the results achieved in the different placement contexts. Its theoretical framework is grounded in Afaf Meleis’ Theory of Transitions, and the entire process was developed in accordance with the Regulation of Common and Specific Competences of the Specialist Nurse in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the Area of Nursing Care to the Person in Critical Condition, and substantiated by the Dublin Descriptors that characterise the second cycle of studies leading to the Master's degree in Nursing.
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Sépsis Pessoa em situação crítica Cuidados de enfermagem