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Luto preparatório em cuidados paliativos - Projeto de desenvolvimento de competências clínicas especializadas na área de enfermagem à pessoa em situação paliativa
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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Enquadramento: De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde [OMS] (2023) a filosofia dos
Cuidados Paliativos (CP), afirma a vida e considera a morte como um processo normal, não tem
intenção de apressar nem adiar a morte, oferece um sistema de apoio para ajudar a pessoa em
situação paliativa a viver o mais ativamente possível até à morte, oferece um sistema de apoio
para ajudar a família a lidar com a doença e no luto, utiliza o trabalho em equipa como
estratégia para abordar as necessidades da pessoa em situação paliativa e a sua família, é
aplicável desde o inicio da doença, em conjunto com outras terapias com intuito curativo,
providencia alivio sintomático e melhora a qualidade de vida. Segundo a OMS, em 2020, os
enfermeiros “representam aproximadamente 59% dos profissionais de saúde em 172 países
com dados disponíveis” (OMS, 2020, p. 37), Rosa et al. (2021) referem que “a falha de não
promover estrategicamente o desenvolvimento de competências, educação e políticas de apoio
em Cuidados Paliativos a todos os enfermeiros, irá certamente aumentar o sofrimento
relacionado com a doença e aumentar os encargos económicos dos sistemas de saúde” (p. 6).
No Plano Estratégico para o Desenvolvimento dos Cuidados Paliativos (PEDCP) a formação é um
dos eixos prioritários, evidenciando que “é fundamental para a constituição de novas equipas/
unidades, para o desenvolvimento de competências em CP das equipas multidisciplinares e para
garantir os diferentes graus de complexidade das intervenções” (Silva et al., 2022, p. 30).
Objetivo: Apresentar um relatório com uma reflexão critica, objetiva e contextualizada de todo o
trabalho realizado em estágio de natureza profissional. Permitir a prossecução dos objetivos de
aprendizagem e aquisição de competências exigidas ao Enfermeiro Especialista na área de
Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Paliativa.
Metodologia: Metodologia de projeto, considerando as aptidões enumeradas na legislação
portuguesa para obtenção do grau de mestre, as competências comuns e específicas
preconizadas pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros para Enfermeiro Especialista na área de Enfermagem
à Pessoa em Situação Paliativa e com foco na intervenção especializada de enfermagem no
processo de luto da pessoa em situação paliativa.
Resultados: A realização dos estágios, incluindo a realização de dois estudos de caso baseados
em casos verídicos e a realização da Revisão Sistemática da literatura do tipo Revisão Rápida,
sustentaram a aquisição de competências, nomeadamente, o cuidar e o estabelecer uma
relação terapêutica com a pessoa em situação paliativa e a sua família, aliviando o seu
sofrimento, maximizando o seu bem-estar, conforto e qualidade de vida, proporcionando
suporte no processo de adaptação às perdas sucessivas, à morte e acompanhamento no luto.Conclusão: Com o término deste relatório, considero que os objetivos delineados foram
atingidos, permanecendo a curiosidade e vontade de aprimoramento de todas as competências
ao longo do meu exercício profissional, sendo o processo de aprendizagem um continuum que
pretendo manter como pilar da minha prática, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento dos CP, e
acima de tudo, para poder prestar os melhores cuidados à pessoa em situação paliativa e aos
seus familiares.
Background: According to the World Health Organization [WHO] (2023) the philosophy of Palliative Care, affirms life and considers death as a normal process, has no intention of hastening or postponing death, offers a support system to help the person in palliative situation to live as actively as possible until death, it offers a support system to help the family cope with the disease and in grief, uses a team approach to address the needs of the palliative person and their family, is applicable from the beginning of the disease, together with other therapies with curative intent, provides symptomatic relief and improves quality of life. According to the WHO, in 2020, nurses "represent approximately 59% of health professionals in 172 countries with available data" (WHO, 2020, p. 37), Rosa et al. (2021) state that "the failure to strategically promote the development of skills, education and support policies in Palliative Care to all nurses, will certainly increase the suffering related to the disease and increase the economic burden of health systems" (p. 6). In the Strategic Plan for the Development of Palliative Care, training is one of the priority axes, evidencing that "it is fundamental for the constitution of new teams/units, for the development of PC skills of multidisciplinary teams and to ensure the different degrees of complexity of interventions" (Silva et al., 2022, p. 30). Objective: Present a report with a critical, objective and contextualized reflection of all the work carried out in a professional internship. Allow the pursuit of learning objectives and acquisition of skills required of the Specialist Nurse in the area of Nursing to the Person in Palliative Situation. Methodology: Project methodology, considering the skills listed in the Portuguese legislation to obtain the master's degree, the common and specific competencies recommended by the Order of Nurses for Specialist Nurse in the area of Nursing to the Person in Palliative Situation and focusing on specialized nursing intervention in the grieving process of the person in palliative situation. Results: The accomplishment of the internships, including the accomplishment of two case studies based on true cases and the accomplishment of the Systematic Review of the literature of the type Quick Review, supported the acquisition of competences, namely, the care and the establishment of a therapeutic relationship with the person in palliative situation and his family, relieving his suffering, maximizing their well-being, comfort and quality of life, providing support in the process of adaptation to successive losses, death and accompaniment in mourning. Conclusion: With the end of this report, I consider that the outlined objectives were achieved, remaining the curiosity and desire to improve all skills throughout my professional practice, and the learning process which is a continuum that I intend to maintain as a pillar of my practice, contributing to the development of PC, and above all, to be able to provide the best care to the person in palliative situation and their families.
Background: According to the World Health Organization [WHO] (2023) the philosophy of Palliative Care, affirms life and considers death as a normal process, has no intention of hastening or postponing death, offers a support system to help the person in palliative situation to live as actively as possible until death, it offers a support system to help the family cope with the disease and in grief, uses a team approach to address the needs of the palliative person and their family, is applicable from the beginning of the disease, together with other therapies with curative intent, provides symptomatic relief and improves quality of life. According to the WHO, in 2020, nurses "represent approximately 59% of health professionals in 172 countries with available data" (WHO, 2020, p. 37), Rosa et al. (2021) state that "the failure to strategically promote the development of skills, education and support policies in Palliative Care to all nurses, will certainly increase the suffering related to the disease and increase the economic burden of health systems" (p. 6). In the Strategic Plan for the Development of Palliative Care, training is one of the priority axes, evidencing that "it is fundamental for the constitution of new teams/units, for the development of PC skills of multidisciplinary teams and to ensure the different degrees of complexity of interventions" (Silva et al., 2022, p. 30). Objective: Present a report with a critical, objective and contextualized reflection of all the work carried out in a professional internship. Allow the pursuit of learning objectives and acquisition of skills required of the Specialist Nurse in the area of Nursing to the Person in Palliative Situation. Methodology: Project methodology, considering the skills listed in the Portuguese legislation to obtain the master's degree, the common and specific competencies recommended by the Order of Nurses for Specialist Nurse in the area of Nursing to the Person in Palliative Situation and focusing on specialized nursing intervention in the grieving process of the person in palliative situation. Results: The accomplishment of the internships, including the accomplishment of two case studies based on true cases and the accomplishment of the Systematic Review of the literature of the type Quick Review, supported the acquisition of competences, namely, the care and the establishment of a therapeutic relationship with the person in palliative situation and his family, relieving his suffering, maximizing their well-being, comfort and quality of life, providing support in the process of adaptation to successive losses, death and accompaniment in mourning. Conclusion: With the end of this report, I consider that the outlined objectives were achieved, remaining the curiosity and desire to improve all skills throughout my professional practice, and the learning process which is a continuum that I intend to maintain as a pillar of my practice, contributing to the development of PC, and above all, to be able to provide the best care to the person in palliative situation and their families.
Description
Keywords
Enfermagem Cuidados Paliativos Competências Relatório de estágio