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Estudos de processos MEOR: técnicas de recuperação avançada do petróleo com microrganismos
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Abstract(s)
Neste trabalho pretendeu-se implementar técnicas que permitam a Recuperação Avançada do Petróleo Melhorada por Microrganismos (MEOR). Assim, estudou-se a capacidade das bactérias Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Bacillus cereus sintetizarem biosurfactantes, realizando-se também, um ensaio para isolar colónias de bactérias presentes em areias contaminadas com petróleo.
O crescimento das bactérias deu-se inicialmente em meio de Luria-Bertani, fase de pré-cultura, e posteriormente em meios enriquecidos em nutrientes. O crescimento bacteriano foi monitorizado através das medições de densidade ótica.
Para a avaliação da produção de biosurfactante, foram realizados testes qualitativos, nomeadamente o ensaio de propagação do petróleo e a análise de emulsão, bem como a determinação da tensão superficial dos extratos com biosurfactante. Com o objetivo de avaliar a recuperação do petróleo num reservatório, foi contruído um modelo de coluna com areia empacotada de forma a realizarem-se simulações das operações de recuperação de petróleo na presença de biosurfactantes.
A reduzida quantidade de biosurfactante produzida, indiciada pelos resultados negativos dos testes qualitativos, foi confirmada pela medição da tensão superficial do sobrenadante. De facto, a tensão superficial ao longo da fermentação não sofreu reduções significativas, como seria previsto se houvesse produção de biosurfactante. Adicionalmente, na simulação da recuperação de petróleo na coluna com areia não foi verificada qualquer melhoria pela presença dos biosurfactantes. Estes resultados permitem confirmar que as bactérias sem contacto prévio e duradouro com o petróleo não se encontram adaptadas para a produção do biosurfactantes.
Nos testes de corrosão, a massa da amostra não sofreu alterações significativas mesmo após 45 dias, não significando necessariamente a falta de oxidação, mas provavelmente que a massa da amostra não foi adequada neste estudo.
This work aimed to implement techniques that allow Microbial Enhanced Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR). Thus, the ability of the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus to synthesize biosurfactants was studied, as well as an assay to isolate colonies of bacteria present in oil contaminated sands. Bacterial growth was initially in Luria-Bertani broth, preculture phase, and later in nutrient-enriched broth. Bacterial growth was monitored by optical density measurements. For the evaluation of biosurfactant production, qualitative tests were performed, namely the oil propagation test and emulsion analysis, as well as the determination of the surface tension. In order to evaluate oil recovery in a reservoir, a packed sand column model was constructed to simulate oil recovery operations in the presence of biosurfactants. The reduced amount of biosurfactant produced, indicated by the negative results of the qualitative tests, was confirmed by measuring the supernatant surface tension. In fact, the surface tension throughout the fermentation did not decrease significantly, as would be expected if biosurfacant was produced. Additionally, in the simulation of oil recovery in the sand column no improvement was verified by the presence of the biosurfacant. These results confirm that bacteria without previous and lasting contact with oil are not adapted for the production of biosurfactants. In corrosion test, sample mass did not suffer meaningful changes even after 45 days, does not meaning necessarly the lack of oxidation but most likely sample mass was not suitable in this study.
This work aimed to implement techniques that allow Microbial Enhanced Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR). Thus, the ability of the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus to synthesize biosurfactants was studied, as well as an assay to isolate colonies of bacteria present in oil contaminated sands. Bacterial growth was initially in Luria-Bertani broth, preculture phase, and later in nutrient-enriched broth. Bacterial growth was monitored by optical density measurements. For the evaluation of biosurfactant production, qualitative tests were performed, namely the oil propagation test and emulsion analysis, as well as the determination of the surface tension. In order to evaluate oil recovery in a reservoir, a packed sand column model was constructed to simulate oil recovery operations in the presence of biosurfactants. The reduced amount of biosurfactant produced, indicated by the negative results of the qualitative tests, was confirmed by measuring the supernatant surface tension. In fact, the surface tension throughout the fermentation did not decrease significantly, as would be expected if biosurfacant was produced. Additionally, in the simulation of oil recovery in the sand column no improvement was verified by the presence of the biosurfacant. These results confirm that bacteria without previous and lasting contact with oil are not adapted for the production of biosurfactants. In corrosion test, sample mass did not suffer meaningful changes even after 45 days, does not meaning necessarly the lack of oxidation but most likely sample mass was not suitable in this study.
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Keywords
Petróleo Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacillus cereus Biosurfactante MEOR Oil Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacillus cereus Biosurfactant MEOR