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A ética na decisão policial: entre a deontologia e o consequencialismo
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O presente estudo analisa a decisão policial à luz das principais teorias da ética normativa, a deontológica e a consequencialista, procurando determinar qual delas melhor orientará a ação policial contemporânea. Partindo de um enquadramento conceptual, examinou-se a literatura clássica e contemporânea da ética deontológica, centrada no dever kantiano, e da ética consequencialista, fundada na avaliação moral das ações pelos seus resultados. Através de uma análise crítica entre ambas, identificam-se as suas divergências e convergências, bem como as implicações práticas na atividade policial. Para ilustrar o conflito ético entre o dever e o resultado, formula-se um dilema ético alusivo à tomada de decisão policial, analisando-o sob a lente da deontologia kantiana, da deontologia moderada, do consequencialismo do ato e do consequencialismo da regra. Conclui-se que, embora o consequencialismo ofereça soluções pragmáticas e pontuais, a deontologia kantiana, especialmente numa leitura construtivista, constitui o modelo ético mais compatível com a atividade policial, indissociável da legitimidade democrática e do respeito pelos direitos fundamentais. Sustenta-se, assim, que a decisão policial deve subordinar-se ao dever moral positivado, rejeitando a excecionalidade consequencialista que, mesmo em prol de bons resultados, comprometeria a integridade ética e institucional da Polícia.
This study analyses police decision-making in light of the main theories of normative ethics, deontological and consequentialist, to determine which best guides contemporary policing. Based on a conceptual framework, the research examines classical and contemporary literature on deontological ethics, centred on Kantian duty, and on consequentialist ethics, grounded in the moral evaluation of actions by their outcomes. Through a critical comparative analysis, their divergences and convergences are identified, as well as their practical implications for police activity. To illustrate the ethical conflict between duty and outcome, an ethical dilemma concerning police decision-making is formulated and examined through the lenses of Kantian deontology, moderate deontology, act consequentialism, and rule consequentialism. The study concludes that, although the consequentialist approach offers pragmatic and situationally useful solutions, Kantian deontology, particularly in a constructivist interpretation, constitutes the ethical model most compatible with police practice, inseparable from democratic legitimacy and respect for fundamental rights. It is therefore argued that police decision-making should be subordinated to positivised moral duty, rejecting consequentialist exceptionalism which, even in the name of good results, would compromise the ethical and institutional integrity of the police.
This study analyses police decision-making in light of the main theories of normative ethics, deontological and consequentialist, to determine which best guides contemporary policing. Based on a conceptual framework, the research examines classical and contemporary literature on deontological ethics, centred on Kantian duty, and on consequentialist ethics, grounded in the moral evaluation of actions by their outcomes. Through a critical comparative analysis, their divergences and convergences are identified, as well as their practical implications for police activity. To illustrate the ethical conflict between duty and outcome, an ethical dilemma concerning police decision-making is formulated and examined through the lenses of Kantian deontology, moderate deontology, act consequentialism, and rule consequentialism. The study concludes that, although the consequentialist approach offers pragmatic and situationally useful solutions, Kantian deontology, particularly in a constructivist interpretation, constitutes the ethical model most compatible with police practice, inseparable from democratic legitimacy and respect for fundamental rights. It is therefore argued that police decision-making should be subordinated to positivised moral duty, rejecting consequentialist exceptionalism which, even in the name of good results, would compromise the ethical and institutional integrity of the police.
Descrição
Trabalho individual final do Curso de Comando e Direção Policial
Palavras-chave
ética policial deontologia consequencialismo decisão policial police ethics deontology consequentialism police decision-making
Contexto Educativo
Citação
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Licença CC
Sem licença CC