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Relação da prematuridade natal com a má oclusão : estudo epidemiológico
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Objetivos: Os recém-nascidos prematuros, uma vez que apresentam um período intra-uterino de menor duração, encontram-se menos preparados para a vida extra-uterina. Desta forma, devido à imaturidade do organismo, são mais propensos ao desenvolvimento de complicações, que por sua vez podem afetar o desenvolvimento oro-facial. Deste modo, esta investigação tem como principal objetivo avaliar se o nascimento prematuro tem influência no aparecimento de parafunções e se influencia o normal crescimento e desenvolvimento dento-facial, podendo potenciar o desenvolvimento de más oclusões.
Materiais e Métodos: Dos 2200 pacientes que procuraram tratamento ortodôntico na Clínica Universitária Egas Moniz (2014 - 2023), foram selecionados 72 prematuros. Após a aplicação de um questionário e dos critérios de exclusão, a amostra de estudo ficou constituída por 47 pacientes (22 raparigas e 25 rapazes). A partir desta, construiu-se uma amostra de controlo de conveniência, porém sem história de nascimento prematuro. Assim, a amostra total ficou constituída por 94 indivíduos. Recorrendo aos registos iniciais, telerradiografias em norma lateral, à história clínica e às fotografias intra-orais, foi avaliado: o padrão respiratório, o historial de entubação à nascença, a presença de hábitos parafuncionais, a presença de mordida cruzada e os padrões de crescimento sagital e vertical. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada através de testes estatísticos com um nível de significância de 5 % (p < 0,05).
Resultados: Foi verificada uma associação significativa (p < 0,05) entre o nascimento prematuro e presença de hábitos parafuncionais, relação intermaxilar e posição da maxila relativamente à base do crânio. O tempo gestacional demonstrou uma associação com o padrão esquelético vertical.
Conclusões: Não foi possível inferir de uma forma sustentada que o historial de nascimento prematuro é um fator etiológico no desenvolvimento de más oclusões. No entanto, parece potenciar determinadas parafunções e alterações no normal desenvolvimento esquelético.
Objectives: Since premature newborns have a shorter intrauterine period, they are less prepared for life outside the womb. As a result, due to the immaturity of the organism, they are more prone to developing complications, which in turn can affect orofacial developme nt. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to assess whether premature birth has an influence on the appearance of parafunctions and whether it influences normal dento facial growth and development, which can lead to the development of malocclusions. Materials and Methods: Of the 2200 patients who sought orthodontic treatment at the Clínica Universitária Egas Moniz (2014 2023), 72 premature infants were selected. After applying a questionnaire and exclusion criteria, the study sample consisted of 47 patients (22 girls and 25 boys). From this, a convenience control sample was constructed, but without a history of premature birth. The total sample thus consisted of 94 individuals. Using initial records, lateral cephalometric radiographs, clinical histor y and intraoral photographs, the following was assessed: breathing pattern, history of intubation at birth, presence of parafunctional habits, presence of crossbite and sagittal and vertical growth patterns. The data was statistically analysed using statis tical tests with a significance level of 5% ( p 0 05). Results: There was a significant association ( p 0 05) between premature birth and the presence of parafunctional habits, intermaxillary relationship and the position of the maxilla in relation to the skull base. Gestational age showed an association with vertical skeletal pattern. Conclusion s It has not been possible to draw a firm conclusion that a history of premature birth is an etiological factor in the development of malocclusions. However, it does seem to potentiate certain para f unctions and alterations in normal skeletal development.
Objectives: Since premature newborns have a shorter intrauterine period, they are less prepared for life outside the womb. As a result, due to the immaturity of the organism, they are more prone to developing complications, which in turn can affect orofacial developme nt. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to assess whether premature birth has an influence on the appearance of parafunctions and whether it influences normal dento facial growth and development, which can lead to the development of malocclusions. Materials and Methods: Of the 2200 patients who sought orthodontic treatment at the Clínica Universitária Egas Moniz (2014 2023), 72 premature infants were selected. After applying a questionnaire and exclusion criteria, the study sample consisted of 47 patients (22 girls and 25 boys). From this, a convenience control sample was constructed, but without a history of premature birth. The total sample thus consisted of 94 individuals. Using initial records, lateral cephalometric radiographs, clinical histor y and intraoral photographs, the following was assessed: breathing pattern, history of intubation at birth, presence of parafunctional habits, presence of crossbite and sagittal and vertical growth patterns. The data was statistically analysed using statis tical tests with a significance level of 5% ( p 0 05). Results: There was a significant association ( p 0 05) between premature birth and the presence of parafunctional habits, intermaxillary relationship and the position of the maxilla in relation to the skull base. Gestational age showed an association with vertical skeletal pattern. Conclusion s It has not been possible to draw a firm conclusion that a history of premature birth is an etiological factor in the development of malocclusions. However, it does seem to potentiate certain para f unctions and alterations in normal skeletal development.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Nascimento prematuro Padrão de crescimento Parafunções Má oclusão