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Impacto psicossocial da recessão gengival na perceção do sorriso e na autoestima em adultos
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Introdução: A periodontologia contemporânea evoluiu para uma abordagem centrada no paciente, integrando a avaliação do impacto psicossocial das condições periodontais aos parâmetros clínicos tradicionais. A recessão gengival (RG), particularmente em zonas estéticas, pode influenciar a perceção do sorriso, a autoestima e a qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde oral.
Objetivos: Avaliar o impacto psicossocial e estético da recessão gengival, com enfoque na perceção do sorriso, autoestima e impacto psicológico avaliado pelo Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ); determinar a associação entre a presença de RG e as pontuações do PIDAQ; e analisar a influência da RG na ansiedade de aparência social (SAAS) e no impacto funcional e social (OHIP-14).
Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal com 40 adultos, divididos em dois grupos: com recessão gengival (CR) e sem recessão gengival (SR). O impacto psicossocial foi avaliado através dos questionários validados PIDAQ, SAAS e OHIP-14. A análise estatística foi realizada com recurso ao SPSS (análise descritiva, teste U de Mann-Whitney, correlação de Spearman).
Resultados: O grupo CR apresentou pontuações significativamente mais elevadas na dimensão de Preocupação Estética do PIDAQ (p = 0,004). Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos nos scores globais da SAAS e do OHIP-14. Verificou-se uma correlação positiva significativa entre a SAAS e o PIDAQ na amostra total (Rs = 0,614; p < 0,001), sugerindo associação entre perceção estética dentária e ansiedade social.
Conclusão: A recessão gengival associa-se principalmente a alterações na perceção estética dentária, sem diferenças estatisticamente significativas na ansiedade social ou na qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde oral.
Introduction: Contemporary periodontology has evolved towards a patientcentered approach, integrating the assessment of the psychosocial impact of periodontal conditions alongside traditional clinical parameters. Gingival recession (GR), particularly in aesthetic areas, may influence smile perception, self-esteem, and oral health-related quality of life. Objectives: To evaluate the psychosocial and aesthetic impact of gingival recession, with a focus on smile perception, self-esteem, and psychological impact assessed by the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ); to determine the association between the presence of GR and PIDAQ scores; and to analyze the influence of GR on social appearance anxiety (SAAS) and oral health-related quality of life (OHIP-14). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted including 40 adults, divided into two groups: with gingival recession (GR) and without gingival recession (SR). The psychosocial impact was assessed using the validated questionnaires PIDAQ, SAAS, and OHIP-14. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (Descriptive analysis, Mann–Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation). Results: The GR group showed significantly higher scores in the Aesthetic Concern domain of the PIDAQ (p = 0.004). No statistically significant differences were observed between groups in the global scores of SAAS or OHIP-14. A significant positive correlation was found between SAAS and PIDAQ in the overall sample (Rs = 0.614; p < 0.001), suggesting an association between dental aesthetic perception and social anxiety. Conclusion: Gingival recession is mainly associated with changes in dental aesthetic perception, without statistically significant differences in social anxiety or oral health-related quality of life.
Introduction: Contemporary periodontology has evolved towards a patientcentered approach, integrating the assessment of the psychosocial impact of periodontal conditions alongside traditional clinical parameters. Gingival recession (GR), particularly in aesthetic areas, may influence smile perception, self-esteem, and oral health-related quality of life. Objectives: To evaluate the psychosocial and aesthetic impact of gingival recession, with a focus on smile perception, self-esteem, and psychological impact assessed by the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ); to determine the association between the presence of GR and PIDAQ scores; and to analyze the influence of GR on social appearance anxiety (SAAS) and oral health-related quality of life (OHIP-14). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted including 40 adults, divided into two groups: with gingival recession (GR) and without gingival recession (SR). The psychosocial impact was assessed using the validated questionnaires PIDAQ, SAAS, and OHIP-14. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (Descriptive analysis, Mann–Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation). Results: The GR group showed significantly higher scores in the Aesthetic Concern domain of the PIDAQ (p = 0.004). No statistically significant differences were observed between groups in the global scores of SAAS or OHIP-14. A significant positive correlation was found between SAAS and PIDAQ in the overall sample (Rs = 0.614; p < 0.001), suggesting an association between dental aesthetic perception and social anxiety. Conclusion: Gingival recession is mainly associated with changes in dental aesthetic perception, without statistically significant differences in social anxiety or oral health-related quality of life.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Recessão gengival Estética dentária Impacto psicossocial Qualidade de vida oral