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Opinião dos estudantes de enfermagem sobre o ensino clínico em cuidados de média e longa duração com pessoas idosas: Revisão sistemática de estudos qualitativos
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Resumo(s)
A enfermagem é uma profissão baseada na prática, com aprendizagem
combinada de teoria e prática em contextos clínicos. Os estudos prévios sobre
supervisão clínica de estudantes de enfermagem em ambientes
gerontogeriátricos são escassos, salientando-se que embora as estruturas
residenciais para pessoas idosas, ofereçam oportunidades de aprendizagem
valiosas e se reconheça a importância crucial destes cuidados para garantir a
dignidade e qualidade de vida das pessoas, esta área do cuidar em
enfermagem tem sido reportada como pouco atrativa.
Objetivo: Sintetizar as evidências científicas sobre a opinião dos estudantes de
enfermagem acerca dos contextos de ensinos clínicos de cuidados de média e
longa duração, com pessoas idosas.
Metodologia: Revisão sistemática de estudos qualitativos, com meta agregação
de resultados, segundo a metodologia do Joanna Brigs Institute (Porrit et al.,
2024). Os participantes foram artigos com estudantes de enfermagem de
ensino pré-graduado. O fenómeno de interesse foi a sua opinião sobre as
experiências durante o ensino clínico, a supervisão clínica e o ambiente clínico.
O contexto consistiu nos ensinos clínicos realizados em unidades de cuidados
de média e longa duração, com prestação de cuidados a pessoas idosas.
Foram incluídas todas as investigações qualitativas, independentemente da
sua metodologia e mistas, cujos dados qualitativos fossem passiveis de extrair
e sintetizar, publicados em língua portuguesa, inglesa, francesa, espanhola ou
italiana, publicados até 31 de julho de 2025.
Resultados: Foram incluídos 34 estudos de âmbito qualitativo e misto. Das
citações dos estudantes de enfermagem foram identificados três temas
principais, com categorias e subcategorias. O tema a experiência de ensino
clínico em contexto de cuidados de média e longa duração com pessoas
idosas, emergindo como categorias as opiniões sobre a pessoa idosa
institucionalizada, vivências do cuidar à pessoa idosa institucionalizada, as
experiências positivas do ensino clínico e experiências negativas do ensino
clínico. O tema 2 reportou à supervisão de estudantes em contexto de cuidados
de média e longa duração com pessoas idosas, com três categorias: a
importância da relação com o supervisor, as funções da supervisão e as
experiências negativas em relação à supervisão clínica. O último tema
identificou aspetos do ambiente de EC, surgindo quatro categorias: a
preparação e integração no ensino clínico, a relação com a equipa ambientes
de EC positivos e caraterísticas contextuais.
Síntese Conclusiva: Identificou-se a importância da supervisão clínica de
proximidade, embasada nas funções normativa, formativa e de suporte e
dimensões do ambiente de ensino clínico que promovem a opinião positiva dos
estudantes.
Nursing is a practice-based profession, with combined theoretical and practical learning in clinical settings. Previous studies on clinical supervision of nursing students in gerontogeriatric settings are scarce, noting that although residential facilities for older people offer valuable learning opportunities and the crucial importance of this care in ensuring people's dignity and quality of life is recognised, this area of nursing care has been reported as unattractive. Objective: To synthesise the scientific evidence on nursing students' opinions about the contexts of clinical teaching of medium and long-term care for older persons. Methodology: Systematic review of qualitative studies, with meta-aggregation of results, according to the Joanna Brigs Institute methodology (Porrit et al., 2024). The participants were published articles involving undergraduate nursing students. The phenomenon of interest was their opinion about their experiences during clinical teaching, clinical supervision, and the clinical environment. The context consisted of clinical teaching carried out in medium and long-term care units, providing care to elderly persons. All qualitative studies were included, regardless of their methodology and mixed methods, whose qualitative data could be extracted and synthesised, published in Portuguese, English, French, Spanish or Italian, published up to 31 July 2025. Results: Thirty-four qualitative and mixed-method studies were included. Three main themes, with categories and subcategories, were identified from the nursing students' quotes. The theme of clinical teaching experience in the context of medium- and long-term care for older people emerged as categories of opinions about institutionalised older people, experiences of caring for institutionalised older people, positive experiences of clinical teaching, and negative experiences of clinical teaching. Theme 2 reported on the supervision of students in the context of medium and long-term care for older persons, with three categories: the importance of the relationship with the supervisor, the functions of supervision, and negative experiences in relation to clinical supervision. The last theme identified aspects of the clinical teaching environment, with four categories emerging: preparation and integration into clinical teaching, the relationship with the team, positive clinical teaching environments, and contextual characteristics. Conclusive Summary: The importance of close clinical supervision was identified, based on normative, formative and support functions and dimensions of the clinical teaching environment that promote positive student opinion.
Nursing is a practice-based profession, with combined theoretical and practical learning in clinical settings. Previous studies on clinical supervision of nursing students in gerontogeriatric settings are scarce, noting that although residential facilities for older people offer valuable learning opportunities and the crucial importance of this care in ensuring people's dignity and quality of life is recognised, this area of nursing care has been reported as unattractive. Objective: To synthesise the scientific evidence on nursing students' opinions about the contexts of clinical teaching of medium and long-term care for older persons. Methodology: Systematic review of qualitative studies, with meta-aggregation of results, according to the Joanna Brigs Institute methodology (Porrit et al., 2024). The participants were published articles involving undergraduate nursing students. The phenomenon of interest was their opinion about their experiences during clinical teaching, clinical supervision, and the clinical environment. The context consisted of clinical teaching carried out in medium and long-term care units, providing care to elderly persons. All qualitative studies were included, regardless of their methodology and mixed methods, whose qualitative data could be extracted and synthesised, published in Portuguese, English, French, Spanish or Italian, published up to 31 July 2025. Results: Thirty-four qualitative and mixed-method studies were included. Three main themes, with categories and subcategories, were identified from the nursing students' quotes. The theme of clinical teaching experience in the context of medium- and long-term care for older people emerged as categories of opinions about institutionalised older people, experiences of caring for institutionalised older people, positive experiences of clinical teaching, and negative experiences of clinical teaching. Theme 2 reported on the supervision of students in the context of medium and long-term care for older persons, with three categories: the importance of the relationship with the supervisor, the functions of supervision, and negative experiences in relation to clinical supervision. The last theme identified aspects of the clinical teaching environment, with four categories emerging: preparation and integration into clinical teaching, the relationship with the team, positive clinical teaching environments, and contextual characteristics. Conclusive Summary: The importance of close clinical supervision was identified, based on normative, formative and support functions and dimensions of the clinical teaching environment that promote positive student opinion.
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Palavras-chave
Estudantes de Enfermagem Preceptoria Casas de Saúde Assistência