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Desenho, implementação e análise de um RPAS com condutas
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Este trabalho visa demonstrar o processo de desenvolvimento de um veículo aéreo não tripulado (VANT), do tipo multi-rotor. Este Veículo poderá servir para suprimir algumas lacunas existentes na inspeção radiológica realizada pelo Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear (IPFN), sediado no Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), em Lisboa. Nomeadamente, o recurso a aeronaves, com características superiors às existentes na atualidade, para inspeção radiológica.
É feito um estudo para otimizar a aeronave no que respeita aos componentes e número de motores a utilizar. É ainda feito um estudo sobre as melhorias adjacentes à introdução de uma conduta à volta
das hélices. Face aos resultados, teoricamente vantajosos, as condutas são projetadas e, após um processo iterativo, construídas.
Posteriormente à construção das condutas são feitos testes estáticos com o objetivo de confirmar as vantagens teoricamente existentes. Estes testes visam a verificação dos benefícios da introdução da conduta na ausência de efeito de solo, na presença de efeito de solo, na aproximação a cantos ou paredes e a aproximação a obstáculos presentes num plano superior ao do rotor.
Os resultados dos testes verificam que, apesar de o efeito da conduta não ser tão vantajoso quanto a teoria anuncia, a conduta é vantajosa. Verifica-se que a introdução da conduta impõe mais benefícios
na presença do efeito de solo. Nos restantes testes, apesar da presença da conduta não trazer muitas vantagens, esta configuração tem um melhor desempenho do que a hélice sem conduta. Ou seja,
apresenta um maior impulso debitado e menor potência consumida.
This work seeks to demonstrate the development process of a multi-rotor UAV. This vehicle is aimed to suppress some gaps that might exist in radiological inspection performed by IPFN (Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear), located at IST (Instituto Superior Técnico), in Lisbon. Namely, the use of aircrafts, with superior characteristics compared with the state of the art, for radiological inspection. A research is made in order to optimise the aircraft regarding its components and number of motors to use. Also, a review is done over the benefit of using ducted propellers. Regarding the theoretically advantageous results, the ducts are designed and after an iterative process, are built. Having the ducts ready to be used, static tests were performed to verify the theoretical results, previously calculated. These aimed to verify the benefits of using a duct out of the ground effect, in the ground effect, near corners or walls, and at the closeness to obstacles in a superior level to the rotor. The tests results allow to conclude that, however the duct is not as good as theoretically expected, it is indeed advantageous. The duct usage comprehend more benefits when in the presence of the ground effect. In the remaining experiments, despite not being really advantageous, the ducted fan have a superior performance than the free rotor. Which means, higher thrust and lower power consumption.
This work seeks to demonstrate the development process of a multi-rotor UAV. This vehicle is aimed to suppress some gaps that might exist in radiological inspection performed by IPFN (Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear), located at IST (Instituto Superior Técnico), in Lisbon. Namely, the use of aircrafts, with superior characteristics compared with the state of the art, for radiological inspection. A research is made in order to optimise the aircraft regarding its components and number of motors to use. Also, a review is done over the benefit of using ducted propellers. Regarding the theoretically advantageous results, the ducts are designed and after an iterative process, are built. Having the ducts ready to be used, static tests were performed to verify the theoretical results, previously calculated. These aimed to verify the benefits of using a duct out of the ground effect, in the ground effect, near corners or walls, and at the closeness to obstacles in a superior level to the rotor. The tests results allow to conclude that, however the duct is not as good as theoretically expected, it is indeed advantageous. The duct usage comprehend more benefits when in the presence of the ground effect. In the remaining experiments, despite not being really advantageous, the ducted fan have a superior performance than the free rotor. Which means, higher thrust and lower power consumption.
Description
Orientador(es): Doutor Alberto Manuel Martinho Vale; Professor Filipe Szolnoky Ramos Pinto Cunha; Júri:
Orientador: Professor Filipe Szolnoky Ramos Pinto Cunha
Keywords
Veículo aéreo não tripulado Inspeção radiológica Condutas Testes estáticos Impulso debitado Potência consumida Unmanned aerial vehicle UAV Radiological inspection Ducts Static tests Thrust delivered Power consumption
Citation
Publisher
Academia da Força Aérea; Instituto Superior Técnico