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Investigação criminal: a atuação da defesa na fase preliminar do processo penal
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Abstract(s)
A Investigação Criminal se desenvolve na fase preliminar do processo penal, buscando evidenciar a materialidade, a autoria e a circunstância da infração penal. Trata-se de procedimento administrativo que tem por características principais o sigilo e a inquisitoriedade.
Lastreados nessas duas características – sigilo e inquisitoriedade –, a doutrina e a jurisprudência sempre afirmaram que, na fase de Investigação Criminal, o investigado não passava de um mero objeto da investigação, sem qualquer direito.
No entanto, após a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, que assegura aos acusados em geral a aplicação dos princípios do Contraditório e da Ampla Defesa, renomados doutrinadores, bem como a própria jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal, passaram a reconhecer que o investigado é um sujeito de direitos, e não um mero objeto de investigação.
Com isso, vem-se fortalecendo o entendimento doutrinário e jurisprudencial de que aos investigados em procedimento investigatório criminal devem ser observados os princípios constitucionais do Contraditório e da Ampla Defesa.
A aplicação desses princípios constitucionais na fase preliminar do processo penal possibilita uma efetiva e necessária atuação da defesa nessa fase. Com o objetivo de se efetivar a aplicação desses princípios nos procedimentos investigatórios, o legislador ordinário editou normas que passam especificamente a disciplinar a atuação da defesa, buscando equilibrar a sua ação com a exercida pela acusação representada pelo Ministério Público.
A atuação mais efetiva da defesa durante a Investigação Criminal, fundamentada na Constituição Federal e em normas infraconstitucionais, tem o condão de propiciar a equidade de armas com o órgão acusador e, fundamentalmente, proteger o investigado contra os arbítrios do Estado.
The criminal investigation is developed in the preliminary phase of the criminal process, seeking to evidence the materiality, authorship and circumstance of the criminal infraction. It is an administrative procedure whose main characteristics are secrecy and inquisitorial. Under these two characteristics, secrecy and inquisitorial, doctrine and jurisprudence have always affirmed that during the criminal investigation phase, the investigated person was merely an object of investigation, without any right. However, after the promulgation of the Federal Constitution of 1988, which guarantees to the accused in general the application of the principles of the Contradictory and Broad Defense, renowned doctrinators and the own jurisprudence of the Federal Supreme Court, has come to recognize that the investigated is a subject of rights , and not a mere object of investigation. This has strengthened the doctrinal and jurisprudential understanding that those investigated in criminal investigations must observe the constitutional principles of the Contradictory and Broad Defense. The application of these constitutional principles in the preliminary phase of the criminal process allows an effective and necessary action of the defense in this phase. In order to apply these principles to investigative procedures, the ordinary legislator has issued legal norms that specifically regulate the performance of the defense, seeking to balance its performance with the prosecution represented by the Public Prosecutor. The most effective action of the defense during the criminal investigation, based on the Federal Constitution and infraconstitutional norms, has the power to promote the fairness of arms with the accusatory body and, fundamentally, protect the investigated against the arbiters of the State.
The criminal investigation is developed in the preliminary phase of the criminal process, seeking to evidence the materiality, authorship and circumstance of the criminal infraction. It is an administrative procedure whose main characteristics are secrecy and inquisitorial. Under these two characteristics, secrecy and inquisitorial, doctrine and jurisprudence have always affirmed that during the criminal investigation phase, the investigated person was merely an object of investigation, without any right. However, after the promulgation of the Federal Constitution of 1988, which guarantees to the accused in general the application of the principles of the Contradictory and Broad Defense, renowned doctrinators and the own jurisprudence of the Federal Supreme Court, has come to recognize that the investigated is a subject of rights , and not a mere object of investigation. This has strengthened the doctrinal and jurisprudential understanding that those investigated in criminal investigations must observe the constitutional principles of the Contradictory and Broad Defense. The application of these constitutional principles in the preliminary phase of the criminal process allows an effective and necessary action of the defense in this phase. In order to apply these principles to investigative procedures, the ordinary legislator has issued legal norms that specifically regulate the performance of the defense, seeking to balance its performance with the prosecution represented by the Public Prosecutor. The most effective action of the defense during the criminal investigation, based on the Federal Constitution and infraconstitutional norms, has the power to promote the fairness of arms with the accusatory body and, fundamentally, protect the investigated against the arbiters of the State.
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Keywords
Investigação Criminal Contraditório e ampla defesa Amplitude de atuação da defesa