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Association between dietary intake and the expression of clock genes in adults: a brief report
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Resumo(s)
Background: The circadian system regulates several physiological processes, including energy metabolism, through the expression of core clock genes. Animal studies suggest that dietary composition can influence circadian gene expression; however, evidence in humans remains limited. Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between dietary macronutrient intake and the expression of circadian clock genes in the whole blood of adults with distinct metabolic profiles. Methods: Nineteen adults (94.7% female; 43.4 ± 16.05 years) were categorized into healthy-weight and overweight/obesity groups based on BMI. Dietary intake was assessed using a 3-day food diary, and clock gene expression (CLOCK, BMAL1, PER2, CRY) was evaluated in whole blood samples collected between 08:00 a.m. and 04:00 p.m. Statistical analyses included group comparisons and
correlation analyses between macronutrient intake and gene expression. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in the clock gene expression between BMI groups, although group-level trends were noted, particularly in PER2 and CRY expression. The overweight/obesity group exhibited a significantly higher percentage of energy intake from protein. Correlation analyses revealed several time-dependent associations between macronutrient intake and clock gene expression. Notably, in the healthy BMI group, BMAL1 and CRY expression correlated with lipid and protein intake, while in the overweight/obesity group, CLOCK expression was strongly associated with both lipid and carbohydrate intake. Conclusion: These findings suggest that macronutrient composition may influence peripheral circadian gene expression in a time- and BMI-dependent
manner. Further research is necessary to confirm these associations in larger and more diverse populations and to investigate the potential for chrononutrition strategies to support metabolic health
Descrição
Palavras-chave
chrononutrition circadian rhythms diet obesity clock genes
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Lages M, Barros R, Ferreira-Marques M, Correia J, Caseiro A, Guarino MP and Carmo-Silva S (2025) Association between dietary intake and the expression of clock genes in adults: a brief report. Front. Nutr. 12:1663559. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1663559
Editora
Frontiers Media