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Salmonella: do Prado ao Prato
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A bactéria Gram-negativa Salmonella spp. apresenta uma grande importância para a saúde
pública, sendo uma das principais causas de doenças provocadas por alimentos na União Europeia (UE).
Em 2023 a salmonelose foi a segunda infeção gastrointestinal mais frequentemente detetada, a nível da
EU, de entre as doenças zoonóticas, com registo de 77 486 casos confirmados de salmonelose humana.
No sistema Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF), em 2023, foram registadas 153 notificações
envolvendo a deteção da bactéria em carnes de produtos avícolas.
Neste contexto, o presente estudo retrospetivo teve como objetivo avaliar a presença de
Salmonella spp. ao de 2024 em diferentes fases da produção, como na produção primária
(considerando as regiões de norte centro e lisboa e vale do tejo), transporte e matadouros e produto
final disponível ao cliente.
Assim, foram consideradas 86 512 amostras recolhidas no período de 03/01/2024 a 31/12/2024
e processadas por um laboratório acreditado pela Direção Geral de Alimentação e Veterinária (DGAV)
para a avaliação e análise de amostras de controlo oficial no âmbito do Programa Nacional de Controlo
da Salmonela (PNCS) e amostras de controlo interno provenientes de produções avícolas, amostras de
matadouro e amostras de venda ao consumidor.
A análise das amostras foi realizada de acordo com a norma ISO 6579-1:2017 e outros
procedimentos internos certificados, tendo as amostras sido avaliadas considerando variáveis como o
tipo de amostra, a região de proveniência, o tipo de bando e a época do ano.
Os resultados mostraram que houve uma maior incidência de Salmonella spp. na produção
primária, principalmente em amostras de esfregaço, com a região de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo a apresentar
um maior número de resultados positivos ao longo do ano (76% dos casos positivos). A época do
outono revelou ter maior proporção de casos positivos (30% dos casos), sugerindo uma possível
influência sazonal. No transporte e abate existiram apenas dois resultados positivos num total de 3827
amostras. Já no produto final carne de peru apresentou 33% dos casos positivos.
Os resultados obtidos no período em estudo demonstram que ainda existem lacunas no controlo
da bactéria Salmonella spp., sobretudo na produção primária, especificamente em algumas regiões
como Lisboa e Vale do Tejo. Contudo a baixa prevalência nas restantes fases indica que existiu eficácia
nas práticas implementadas, mas permanecem oportunidade de melhoria. Torna-se assim necessário
fortalecer os mecanismos de biossegurança existentes, especialmente nas fases iniciais da cadeia
produtiva, incidindo em certas regiões.
The Gram-negative bacterium Salmonella spp. is of foremost importance to public health, being one of the main causes of foodborne diseases in the European Union. In 2023, salmonellosis was the second most frequently detected gastrointestinal infection among zoonotic diseases, with a record of 77,486 confirmed cases of human salmonellosis. In the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF), in 2023, there were 153 notifications involving the detection of the bacterium in poultry meat products. In this context, the present study aimed to assess the presence of Salmonella spp. in 2024 at various stages of poultry production, including primary production (considering samples from the northern region, central and Lisbon and Tagus Valley), transportation and slaughterhouses, as well as the final product available to the customer. Thus, a total of 86,512 samples collected between 03/01/2024 and 31/12/2024 were analysed by a laboratory accredited by the Directorate General for Food and Veterinary Affairs (DGAV) for the evaluation and analysis of official control samples under the National Salmonella Control Program (PNCS) as well as internal control samples from poultry production, slaughterhouse samples, and consumer-level sales samples. The analysis of the samples was conducted according to ISO 6579-1:2017 standard and other certified internal procedures, with the samples being evaluated considering variables such as sample type, region of origin, type of flock, and season of the year. The results showed a higher incidence of Salmonella spp. in primary production, mainly in smear samples, with the Lisbon and Tagus Valley region showing a higher number of positive results throughout the year (76% of the positive cases). The autumn season showed the highest proportion of positive cases (30% of the cases), suggesting a possible seasonal influence. In transportation and slaughter, there were only two positive results out of a total of 3 827 samples. In the final product, turkey meat showed 33% positive cases. Obtained results in the study period demonstrate that there are still gaps in the control of the bacterium Salmonella spp., especially in primary production, specifically in certain regions such as Lisbon and Tagus valley. However, the low prevalence in other phases indicates that the implemented practices were effective, though there is room for improvement. It is therefore necessary to strengthen existing biosecurity mechanisms, especially in the initial stages of the production chain, focusing on certain regions.
The Gram-negative bacterium Salmonella spp. is of foremost importance to public health, being one of the main causes of foodborne diseases in the European Union. In 2023, salmonellosis was the second most frequently detected gastrointestinal infection among zoonotic diseases, with a record of 77,486 confirmed cases of human salmonellosis. In the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF), in 2023, there were 153 notifications involving the detection of the bacterium in poultry meat products. In this context, the present study aimed to assess the presence of Salmonella spp. in 2024 at various stages of poultry production, including primary production (considering samples from the northern region, central and Lisbon and Tagus Valley), transportation and slaughterhouses, as well as the final product available to the customer. Thus, a total of 86,512 samples collected between 03/01/2024 and 31/12/2024 were analysed by a laboratory accredited by the Directorate General for Food and Veterinary Affairs (DGAV) for the evaluation and analysis of official control samples under the National Salmonella Control Program (PNCS) as well as internal control samples from poultry production, slaughterhouse samples, and consumer-level sales samples. The analysis of the samples was conducted according to ISO 6579-1:2017 standard and other certified internal procedures, with the samples being evaluated considering variables such as sample type, region of origin, type of flock, and season of the year. The results showed a higher incidence of Salmonella spp. in primary production, mainly in smear samples, with the Lisbon and Tagus Valley region showing a higher number of positive results throughout the year (76% of the positive cases). The autumn season showed the highest proportion of positive cases (30% of the cases), suggesting a possible seasonal influence. In transportation and slaughter, there were only two positive results out of a total of 3 827 samples. In the final product, turkey meat showed 33% positive cases. Obtained results in the study period demonstrate that there are still gaps in the control of the bacterium Salmonella spp., especially in primary production, specifically in certain regions such as Lisbon and Tagus valley. However, the low prevalence in other phases indicates that the implemented practices were effective, though there is room for improvement. It is therefore necessary to strengthen existing biosecurity mechanisms, especially in the initial stages of the production chain, focusing on certain regions.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Aves Microbiologia Alimentar Programa Nacional de Controlo da Salmonela Salmonella spp. Segurança alimentar Poultry Food Microbiology National Control Plan of Salmonela Food safety