Loading...
Publication
A relação da microbiota oral com as doenças periodontais
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.94 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As doenças periodontais são processos patológicos que envolvem o periodonto, um termo utilizado para descrever o aparelho de suporte que envolve o dente, que inclui o tecido gengival, o osso alveolar, o cemento e o ligamento periodontal (Gasner & Schure, 2023).
Embora o biofilme periodontopatogénico disbiótico seja o principal fator etiológico, a doença é modulada por factores genéticos, ambientais e comportamentais relacionados com o hospedeiro em diferentes indivíduos (Hartenbach et al., 2020).
A disbiose da microbiota oral que pode levar à sobrepopulação de certos microrganismos patogénicos, esta nomeadamente observada em muitas doenças orais como a doença periodontal (Santacroce et al., 2023).
Por exemplo, a disbiose de bactérias livres na saliva (que é um mediador vital na cavidade oral) pode estar relacionada com o aparecimento, desenvolvimento, prognóstico e recorrência de doenças periodontais e verificou-se que a composição da comunidade microbiana salivar diferiu significativamente entre pacientes com periodontite crónica e controlos saudáveis (Diao et al., 2021; Lundmark et al., 2019).
As evidências que ligam a relação entre perturbações do microbioma oral e várias doenças sistémicas aumentaram a consciência da importância do microbioma oral na regulação de numerosos processos no corpo humano e, por conseguinte, do seu impacto no desenvolvimento de muitas doenças (Kozak & Pawlik, 2023).
Isto é importante porque a doença periodontal pode ser um fator de risco para certas doenças sistémicas, como a diabetes e as doenças cardiovasculares e o pleno conhecimento do papel do microbioma oral na saúde e no desenvolvimento de processos patológicos pode então contribuir para a prevenção e o tratamento de doenças (Kozak & Pawlik, 2023; Liccardo et al., 2019).
O objetivo desta tese será recolher informação sobre a relação entre a composição da microbiota oral, fluido crevicular gengival e da saliva com as doenças periodontais, de modo a determinar se existe uma associação e quais são os mecanismos dessa associação.
Periodontal diseases are pathological processes involving the periodontium, a term used to describe the supporting tissus surrounding the tooth, which includes the gingival tissue, the alveolar bone, the cementum and the periodontal ligament (Gasner & Schure, 2023). Although dysbiotic periodontopathogenic biofilm is the main etiological factor, the disease is modulated by host-related genetic, environmental and behavioral factors in different individuals (Hartenbach et al., 2020). Dysbiosis of the oral microbiota, which can lead to the overpopulation of certain pathogenic microorganisms, is observed in many oral diseases such as periodontal disease (Santacroce et al., 2023). For example, the dysbiosis of free bacteria in saliva (which is a vital mediator in the oral cavity) may be related to the onset, development, prognosis and recurrence of periodontal diseases and it was found that the composition of the salivary microbial community differed significantly between patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy controls (Diao et al., 2021; Lundmark et al., 2019). Evidence linking the relationship between disturbances in the oral microbiome and various systemic diseases has increased awareness of the importance of the oral microbiome in regulating numerous processes in the human body and, therefore, its impact on the development of many diseases (Kozak & Pawlik, 2023). This is important because periodontal disease can be a risk factor for certain systemic diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and full knowledge of the role of the oral microbiome in health and the development of pathological processes can then contribute to the prevention and treatment of disease (Kozak & Pawlik, 2023; Liccardo et al., 2019). The aim of this thesis will be to gather information on the relationship between the composition of the oral microbiota, gingival crevicular fluid and saliva with periodontal diseases, in order to determine whether there is an association and what the mechanisms of this association are.
Periodontal diseases are pathological processes involving the periodontium, a term used to describe the supporting tissus surrounding the tooth, which includes the gingival tissue, the alveolar bone, the cementum and the periodontal ligament (Gasner & Schure, 2023). Although dysbiotic periodontopathogenic biofilm is the main etiological factor, the disease is modulated by host-related genetic, environmental and behavioral factors in different individuals (Hartenbach et al., 2020). Dysbiosis of the oral microbiota, which can lead to the overpopulation of certain pathogenic microorganisms, is observed in many oral diseases such as periodontal disease (Santacroce et al., 2023). For example, the dysbiosis of free bacteria in saliva (which is a vital mediator in the oral cavity) may be related to the onset, development, prognosis and recurrence of periodontal diseases and it was found that the composition of the salivary microbial community differed significantly between patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy controls (Diao et al., 2021; Lundmark et al., 2019). Evidence linking the relationship between disturbances in the oral microbiome and various systemic diseases has increased awareness of the importance of the oral microbiome in regulating numerous processes in the human body and, therefore, its impact on the development of many diseases (Kozak & Pawlik, 2023). This is important because periodontal disease can be a risk factor for certain systemic diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and full knowledge of the role of the oral microbiome in health and the development of pathological processes can then contribute to the prevention and treatment of disease (Kozak & Pawlik, 2023; Liccardo et al., 2019). The aim of this thesis will be to gather information on the relationship between the composition of the oral microbiota, gingival crevicular fluid and saliva with periodontal diseases, in order to determine whether there is an association and what the mechanisms of this association are.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Doenças periodontais Microbiota oral Saliva Fluido crevicular gengival