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Publication
Controlo do Bem-estar Animal durante o Transporte: Estudo Retrospetivo da Aplicação do Regulamento 1/2005 no Ponto de Saída de Marselha, de 2019 até 2024
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O transporte de animais vivos representa uma fase crítica em termos de bem-estar animal e está sujeito ao
cumprimento rigoroso do Regulamento (CE) n.º 1/2005. Esta etapa é particularmente sensível, pois os animais
são expostos a fatores de stress como ruído, manipulação e mudanças ambientais. Se as condições forem
inadequadas, o transporte pode resultar em dor, lesões ou até à morte dos animais. Portanto, o transporte é um
momento chave para garantir o bem-estar dos animais. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar
retrospectivamente a aplicação do Regulamento (CE) n.º 1/2005 no ponto de partida do porto de Marselha entre
2019 e 2024, com base em dados recolhidos durante os controlos oficiais realizados pela autoridade competente.
As não conformidades registadas durante o período do estudo foram analisadas, com particular atenção à sua
gravidade, natureza e distribuição temporal.
Esta análise permitiu identificar violações recorrentes, especialmente as relacionadas com as condições práticas
de transporte, bem como variações interanuais influenciadas por fatores contextuais como a pandemia de
COVID-19 e o encerramento de um posto de controlo em Espanha, que contribuíram para um aumento repentino
no volume de transportes em 2024. Entre 2019 e 2024, foram registadas 64 não conformidades, distribuídas de
forma desigual ao longo dos anos. O ano com maior número de ocorrências foi 2019 (25 casos), seguido de 2024
(17 casos), que também apresentou a maior proporção de infrações graves (tipo D). As falhas mais comuns
estavam relacionadas com a qualidade da cama (18 casos) e a alimentação inadequada (17 casos), refletindo
deficiências persistentes nas condições práticas de transporte. As infrações na Parte A (documentação)
mantiveram-se estáveis, enquanto as da Parte C (aptidão dos animais) foram ocasionais, mas significativas. Esta
concentração de não conformidades nas Partes D e A dos relatórios de inspeção evidencia fragilidades estruturais
na preparação das viagens e na formação dos operadores.
Os resultados obtidos reforçam a necessidade de ações corretivas direcionadas, de uma aplicação eficaz da
regulamentação e da consideração de melhorias legais para garantir a conformidade contínua com os padrões
europeus de bem-estar animal durante o transporte.
The transport of live animals represents a critical phase in terms of animal welfare and is subject to strict compliance with Regulation (EC) No. 1/2005. This stage is particularly sensitive, as animals are exposed to stressful factors such as noise, handling, and environmental changes. If conditions are inadequate, this may lead to pain, injury, or even death. Therefore, transport is a key moment to ensure animal welfare. This study aimed to retrospectively assess the application of Regulation (EC) No. 1/2005 at the point of departure from the port of Marseille between 2019 and 2024, based on data collected during official controls carried out by the competent authority. Non-compliances recorded during the study period were analyzed, with particular attention to their severity, nature, and temporal distribution. This analysis made it possible to identify recurring violations, especially those related to the practical conditions of transport, as well as interannual variations influenced by contextual factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the closure of a control post in Spain, which contributed to a sudden increase in transport volume in 2024. Between 2019 and 2024, 64 non-compliances were recorded, unevenly distributed over the years. The year with the highest number of occurrences was 2019 (25 cases), followed by 2024 (17 cases), which also presented the highest proportion of serious infringements (type D). The most common failures were related to bedding quality (18 cases) and inadequate feeding (17 cases), reflecting persistent shortcomings in the practical transport conditions. Infringements in Part A (documentation) remained stable, while those in Part C (animal fitness) were occasional but significant. This concentration of non-compliances in Parts D and A of the inspection reports highlights structural weaknesses in journey preparation and operator training. These findings reinforce the need for targeted corrective actions, effective enforcement, and consideration of regulatory improvements to ensure ongoing compliance with European animal welfare standards during transport.
The transport of live animals represents a critical phase in terms of animal welfare and is subject to strict compliance with Regulation (EC) No. 1/2005. This stage is particularly sensitive, as animals are exposed to stressful factors such as noise, handling, and environmental changes. If conditions are inadequate, this may lead to pain, injury, or even death. Therefore, transport is a key moment to ensure animal welfare. This study aimed to retrospectively assess the application of Regulation (EC) No. 1/2005 at the point of departure from the port of Marseille between 2019 and 2024, based on data collected during official controls carried out by the competent authority. Non-compliances recorded during the study period were analyzed, with particular attention to their severity, nature, and temporal distribution. This analysis made it possible to identify recurring violations, especially those related to the practical conditions of transport, as well as interannual variations influenced by contextual factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the closure of a control post in Spain, which contributed to a sudden increase in transport volume in 2024. Between 2019 and 2024, 64 non-compliances were recorded, unevenly distributed over the years. The year with the highest number of occurrences was 2019 (25 cases), followed by 2024 (17 cases), which also presented the highest proportion of serious infringements (type D). The most common failures were related to bedding quality (18 cases) and inadequate feeding (17 cases), reflecting persistent shortcomings in the practical transport conditions. Infringements in Part A (documentation) remained stable, while those in Part C (animal fitness) were occasional but significant. This concentration of non-compliances in Parts D and A of the inspection reports highlights structural weaknesses in journey preparation and operator training. These findings reinforce the need for targeted corrective actions, effective enforcement, and consideration of regulatory improvements to ensure ongoing compliance with European animal welfare standards during transport.
Description
Keywords
Bem-estar animal Condições de transporte Inspeções oficiais Porto de Marselha Regulamento 1/2005 Transporte de animais vivos Live animal transport Animal welfare Regulation 1/2005 Official inspections Port of Marseille Transport conditions