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A legitimidade da ação policial: impacto do regime excecional de 2020
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Abstract(s)
O ano de 2020 ficou marcado pela declaração da pandemia de COVID-19, o novo
coronavírus, que surge em dezembro de 2019 na China, rapidamente se alastrou a todo o
mundo, causando milhões de vítimas, pressionando as unidades de saúde até ao ponto de
rutura devido ao elevado número de infetados. Os Estados viram-se obrigados a recorrer à
sua autoridade, com a implementação de estados de excepção constitucional, para procurar
mitigar os efeitos desta pandemia que se revelou implacável.
As Polícias acabaram a operacionalizar as limitações impostas pelos Estados, limitando
direitos, impondo restrições, aconselhando e reprimindo os infratores. Ora, este tipo de
atuação, apesar de imprescindível dado o contexto, poderia, hipoteticamente, prejudicar a
relação entre a sociedade e a sua Polícia. Essa foi a nossa questão de partida, o impacto
causado pela situação excepcional de 2020, na legitimidade da ação policial.
Para tal, procuramos recorrer a um modelo de avaliação da legitimidade policial, baseado no
processo, que engloba a Justiça Processual e a Legitimidade Policial, procurando perceber
qual o impacto da pandemia, o cumprimento das medidas implementadas, o impacto da
interação, entre outras dinâmicas.
Nesta investigação, a sociedade portuguesa foi representada por um grupo de estudantes
universitários, que consideraram a ação policial processualmente justa e legítima.
Apresentaram elevados níveis de cumprimento legal (inclusive das medidas excecionais),
bem como um bom grau de confiança na Polícia Portuguesa. Em suma, a Polícia cumpriu
devidamente à difícil missão que lhe foi atribuída, conseguindo atingir o seu objectivo sem
prejudicar a relação com a sociedade nas dimensões abordadas.
The year 2020 was marked by the declaration of the pandemic of COVID-19, the novel coronavirus, which emerged in December 2019 in China, quickly spread throughout the world, causing millions of victims, pressuring health facilities to the breaking point due to the high number of those infected. States were forced to resort to their authority, with the implementation of constitutional states of exception, seeking to mitigate the effects of this pandemic that proved relentless. The Police ended up operationalizing the limitations imposed by the States, limiting rights, imposing restrictions, advising and repressing offenders. Now, this type of action, although indispensable given the context, could hypothetically damage the relationship between society and its Police. This was our starting question, the impact caused by the exceptional situation of 2020 on the legitimacy of police action. To this end, we sought to use a process-based model to assess police legitimacy, which encompasses Procedural Justice and Police Legitimacy, seeking to understand the impact of the pandemic, the compliance with the measures implemented, the impact of interaction, among other dynamics. In this research, the Portuguese society was represented by a group of university students, who considered the police action procedurally fair and legitimate. They showed high levels of legal compliance (including exceptional measures), as well as a good degree of trust in the Portuguese police. In sum, the police have duly complied with the difficult mission assigned to them, managing to achieve their objective without jeopardizing the relationship with society in the dimensions addressed.
The year 2020 was marked by the declaration of the pandemic of COVID-19, the novel coronavirus, which emerged in December 2019 in China, quickly spread throughout the world, causing millions of victims, pressuring health facilities to the breaking point due to the high number of those infected. States were forced to resort to their authority, with the implementation of constitutional states of exception, seeking to mitigate the effects of this pandemic that proved relentless. The Police ended up operationalizing the limitations imposed by the States, limiting rights, imposing restrictions, advising and repressing offenders. Now, this type of action, although indispensable given the context, could hypothetically damage the relationship between society and its Police. This was our starting question, the impact caused by the exceptional situation of 2020 on the legitimacy of police action. To this end, we sought to use a process-based model to assess police legitimacy, which encompasses Procedural Justice and Police Legitimacy, seeking to understand the impact of the pandemic, the compliance with the measures implemented, the impact of interaction, among other dynamics. In this research, the Portuguese society was represented by a group of university students, who considered the police action procedurally fair and legitimate. They showed high levels of legal compliance (including exceptional measures), as well as a good degree of trust in the Portuguese police. In sum, the police have duly complied with the difficult mission assigned to them, managing to achieve their objective without jeopardizing the relationship with society in the dimensions addressed.
Description
Keywords
COVID-19 Justiça Processual Legitimidade Polícia Regime Excecional Exceptional Regime Legitimacy Police Procedural Justice