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Cirurgia guiada e cirurgia navegada VS Cirurgia free hand
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Abstract(s)
A implantologia contemporânea tem sido transformada pela integração de tecnologias digitais no planeamento e execução cirúrgica. Esta revisão narrativa visa analisar comparativamente três técnicas de colocação de implantes dentários: técnica convencional freehand, cirurgia guiada estática e cirurgia navegada, com ênfase na precisão tridimensional, previsibilidade, tempo operatório, protocolo de carga, curva de aprendizagem e satisfação do paciente. São também exploradas as contribuições da inteligência artificial (IA) e da cirurgia robótica na prática clínica e na formação em implantologia.
A metodologia baseou-se numa revisão narrativa da literatura (2013–2025), incluindo revisões sistemáticas, meta-análises e ensaios clínicos, extraídos de bases de dados como o PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science.
Os dados mostram que as técnicas assistidas por tecnologia, especialmente a cirurgia navegada, oferecem maior precisão (desvios médios <0,7 mm e <2°) em relação à técnica convencional (Chen et al., 2025; Wu et al., 2024). A IA reduz o tempo de planeamento e padroniza decisões clínicas com desempenho comparável ao de especialistas (Elgarba et al., 2024). A navegação dinâmica destaca-se também como ferramenta pedagógica, encurtando a curva de aprendizagem e permitindo bons resultados entre iniciantes (Wang et al., 2023).
Conclui-se que a tecnologia em implantologia melhora a precisão cirúrgica, a segurança e a eficácia formativa, representando uma mais-valia para o ensino e a prática clínica moderna.
Contemporary implantology has been significantly shaped by the integration of digital technologies into surgical planning and execution. This dissertation offers a comparative analysis of three implant placement techniques—conventional (freehand), static guided surgery, and dynamic navigation—focusing on three-dimensional accuracy, predictability, operative time, loading protocols, learning curve, and patient satisfaction. Additionally, the roles of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotic-assisted surgery in clinical practice and surgical training are explored. The methodology followed a narrative review of the literature (2013–2025), including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria prioritized clinical applicability and methodological rigor. Findings show that technology-assisted techniques—especially dynamic navigation and robotics—achieve superior accuracy, with mean deviations under 0.7 mm and angular errors below 2°, outperforming conventional methods. AI demonstrated efficiency in reducing planning time and standardizing clinical decisions, with outcomes comparable to those of experienced professionals. Dynamic navigation further emerged as a powerful pedagogical tool, shortening the learning curve and enabling novice clinicians to achieve expert-level performance. It is concluded that digital technologies in implantology enhance surgical precision, patient safety, and clinical training outcomes, representing a valuable contribution to modern dental education and practice.
Contemporary implantology has been significantly shaped by the integration of digital technologies into surgical planning and execution. This dissertation offers a comparative analysis of three implant placement techniques—conventional (freehand), static guided surgery, and dynamic navigation—focusing on three-dimensional accuracy, predictability, operative time, loading protocols, learning curve, and patient satisfaction. Additionally, the roles of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotic-assisted surgery in clinical practice and surgical training are explored. The methodology followed a narrative review of the literature (2013–2025), including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria prioritized clinical applicability and methodological rigor. Findings show that technology-assisted techniques—especially dynamic navigation and robotics—achieve superior accuracy, with mean deviations under 0.7 mm and angular errors below 2°, outperforming conventional methods. AI demonstrated efficiency in reducing planning time and standardizing clinical decisions, with outcomes comparable to those of experienced professionals. Dynamic navigation further emerged as a powerful pedagogical tool, shortening the learning curve and enabling novice clinicians to achieve expert-level performance. It is concluded that digital technologies in implantology enhance surgical precision, patient safety, and clinical training outcomes, representing a valuable contribution to modern dental education and practice.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Implantologia Cirurgia guiada Cirurgia navegada Inteligência artificial Robótica Formação clínica