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Fenotipagem de Germoplasma, de milho (Zea mays L.), Português e Húngaro e Respetivos Cruzamentos em Sistemas de Produção Biológica e Convencional.
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Abstract(s)
A seleção de novas variedades, a escolha de combinações para a realização de cruzamentos, a comparação de desempenho, o desenvolvimento de híbridos, sob diferentes condições agroecológicas, e a adaptabilidade ao longo de uma vasta gama de condições ambientais são uma necessidade no mercado das sementes.No âmbito do Projeto SOLIBAM, entre 2012 e 2013, foram efetuados em três ambientes diferentes, em Portugal e na Hungria, ensaios com várias populações portuguesas e húngaras de milho (Zea mays, L.), e respetivos cruzamentos, em melhoramento participativo e sob diferentes modos de produção agrícola: Biológico e Convencional.A caraterização fenotípica e sua avaliação foi efetuada com recurso ao método HUNTERS, a um conjunto de medições entre datas de florações e às características associadas à produção e à espiga. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente tendo, por base, correlações, ANOVA e comparações múltiplas de médias, interação Genótipo x Ambiente.A fenotipagem dos genótipos portugueses destaca-se da dos húngaros por apresentarem, em média, florações, femininas e masculinas, mais precoces, maior altura da primeira espiga, uma maior ramificação da bandeira, uniformidade do talhão ligeiramente superior, maior índice de prolificidade e menor relação carolo/espiga. A fenotipagem, dos genótipos húngaros apresentou, em média, maior valor de produtividade, maior altura da planta, um ângulo da folha superior e menor percentagem de plantas partidas e acamadas. Na interação genótipo x ambiente foram observadas diferenças significativas nas características Fi, Mi, N, R, StandPlotha, NEha, Prol, CW/EW e Yield. O sucesso da seleção e pré-avaliação dos genótipos foi comprovado pelos resultados da heterozigocidade. Todos os cruzamentos obtiveram ganhos na produtividade e na prolificidade, demonstraram também uma diminuição do número de dias das florações e de plantas partidas. Destacaram-se os cruzamentos 10 x 6 (hun x pt) , 10 x 11 (hun x pt) e 10 x 8 (hun x pt) que, em média, registaram as melhores produtividades por local ,assim como, os melhores valores de heterozigocidade nas restantes características avaliadas.
The selection of new varieties, the choice of combinations for cross breeding, the evaluation of performance, the development of hybrids under different agroecological farm systems and the adaptability over a wide range of environmental conditions are a need for the seed market.Inside the SOLIBAM Project, between 2012 and 2013, trials with several Portuguese and Hungarian populations and their crosses of maize (Zea mays, L.) were carried out in three different environments in Portugal and Hungary, inside participatory plant breeding and under Organic and Conventional systems.The evaluation of the phenotype was made not only by using the HUNTERS method, but also by using both a set of measurements between flowering dates and the characteristics associated with the yield and ears. The results were statistically analysed based on correlations, ANOVA multiple comparisons of averages and interactions Genotypes x Environments.The phenotypic characterization of Portuguese genotypes showed to be different in average, from Hungarian higher height of the first ear, tassel branching, slightly higher uniformity of the plot , lower ratio cob/ear, and. earliest flowering (female and male). The Hungarian germplasm was characterized, on average, by higher yield, plant height and leaf angle, and lower percentage of root and stalk lodging. Interaction genotype x environment was significantly different within the characteristics Fi, Mi, N, R, StandPlotha, NEha, Prol, CW/EW and Yield.The success of the pre-evaluation and the choice of germoplasm were confirmed by the results of heterosis. All crosses obtained gains in Yield and prolificacy and also showed less days to flowering and percentage of stalk lodging. The crosses 10 x 6 (hun x pt), 10 x 11 (hun x pt) e 10 x 8 (hun x pt), in average, had the best Yield per environments and the best values for heterosis in the others carachterists.
The selection of new varieties, the choice of combinations for cross breeding, the evaluation of performance, the development of hybrids under different agroecological farm systems and the adaptability over a wide range of environmental conditions are a need for the seed market.Inside the SOLIBAM Project, between 2012 and 2013, trials with several Portuguese and Hungarian populations and their crosses of maize (Zea mays, L.) were carried out in three different environments in Portugal and Hungary, inside participatory plant breeding and under Organic and Conventional systems.The evaluation of the phenotype was made not only by using the HUNTERS method, but also by using both a set of measurements between flowering dates and the characteristics associated with the yield and ears. The results were statistically analysed based on correlations, ANOVA multiple comparisons of averages and interactions Genotypes x Environments.The phenotypic characterization of Portuguese genotypes showed to be different in average, from Hungarian higher height of the first ear, tassel branching, slightly higher uniformity of the plot , lower ratio cob/ear, and. earliest flowering (female and male). The Hungarian germplasm was characterized, on average, by higher yield, plant height and leaf angle, and lower percentage of root and stalk lodging. Interaction genotype x environment was significantly different within the characteristics Fi, Mi, N, R, StandPlotha, NEha, Prol, CW/EW and Yield.The success of the pre-evaluation and the choice of germoplasm were confirmed by the results of heterosis. All crosses obtained gains in Yield and prolificacy and also showed less days to flowering and percentage of stalk lodging. The crosses 10 x 6 (hun x pt), 10 x 11 (hun x pt) e 10 x 8 (hun x pt), in average, had the best Yield per environments and the best values for heterosis in the others carachterists.
Description
Keywords
Zea mays, L Agricultura Biológica e Convencional Genótipo x Ambiente Fenotipagem Heterozigocidade