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Perceção do risco e comportamentos de segurança na construção civil
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Resumo(s)
A perceção de risco condiciona a forma como os trabalhadores da construção civil identificam e enfrentam os perigos do seu quotidiano profissional. Num setor onde a sinistralidade é elevada, onde os trabalhadores estão expostos a uma multiplicidade de riscos e as condições de trabalho variam constantemente, compreender esta perceção é essencial para definir estratégias de prevenção eficazes e fortalecer uma cultura organizacional de segurança.
O estudo analisou a perceção de risco de 51 trabalhadores de cinco estaleiros de construção civil portugueses, com base no paradigma psicométrico, e procurou averiguar até que ponto a perceção do risco se materializa na adoção de comportamentos seguros no contexto da amostra. Foi adotada uma metodologia baseada num questionário estruturado composto por quatro partes (I – Perceção de risco, II - Comportamentos de segurança; III – Experiência de acidentes e doenças de trabalho; IV – Caracterização sociodemográfica).
Os trabalhadores da amostra apresentaram uma perceção de risco de nível moderado, tanto em termos de perceção global (6,3 ± 2,5, em escala de 1 a 10), como de perceção cognitiva e emocional. As dimensões que se verificaram determinantes na perceção global de risco dos trabalhadores foram a gravidade das consequências (A5), a probabilidade de ocorrência (A4), o receio de sofrer dano (A3) e o potencial catastrófico do dano (A8). Não se verificaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas de perceção global de risco entre classes das variáveis sociodemográficas (idade, sexo, habilitações literárias) ou socioprofissionais (antiguidade na profissão e função desempenhada). Também não se verificou correlação significativa entre a perceção global de risco dos trabalhadores e a experiência de acidentes de trabalho ou o número de horas de formação recebida. Os riscos a que os inquiridos se consideram mais expostos e que causam um grau de preocupação mais elevado, embora moderado, foram a queda/projeção de objetos, queda em altura, contacto com objeto cortante, stress e exposição ao ruído. As atividades percecionadas como de maior risco, embora moderado, foram a cofragem/descofragem e escoramento, montagem/desmontagem de andaimes, demolições manuais e manobra de gruas. Os trabalhadores reportaram genericamente uma boa adesão aos comportamentos de segurança (nomeadamente, utilização de Equipamentos de Proteção Individual e cumprimento de regras e procedimentos de segurança), e à formação em SST.
Propõem-se medidas para melhorar a perceção do risco e a motivação para a segurança por parte destes trabalhadores.
Risk perception influences how construction workers identify and respond to the hazards in their professional daily lives. In a sector with high accident rates, where workers are exposed to a multitude of risks and working conditions are constantly changing, understanding risk perception is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies and fostering an organizational safety culture. The study analyzed the risk perception of 51 workers from five Portuguese construction sites, using the psychometric paradigm, and sought to determine the extent to which risk perception translates into the adoption of safe behaviors within the sample context. A methodology based on a structured questionnaire composed of four parts was adopted: I –Risk perception, II – Safety behavior, III – Experience of accidents and occupational diseases IV – Sociodemographic characterization. The workers in the sample showed a moderate level of risk perception, both in terms of overall perception (6,3 ± 2,5, on a scale from 1 to 10), and cognitive and emotional perception. The dimensions that were found to be decisive in the workers’ overall risk perception were: severity of consequences (A5), likelihood of occurrence (A4), fear of harm (A3), and catastrophic potential of the damage (A8). No statistically significant differences in the overall risk perception were found between classes of sociodemographic variables (age, gender, educational level) or socioprofessional variables (years of experience and job role). There was also no significant correlation between workers’ overall risk perception and their experience of work accidents or the number of training hours received. The risks to which respondents considered themselves most exposed and which caused a higher, though moderate, level of concern were: falling/projected objects, fall from height, contact with sharp objects, stress, and noise exposure. The activities perceived as most risky, though moderately, were: formwork/removal and shoring, scaffolding assembly/disassembly, manual demolitions, and crane operation. Workers generally reported a good adherence to safety behavior (namely, the use of Personal Protective Equipment and compliance with safety rules and procedures), and also a good adherence to occupational health and safety training. Measures are proposed to improve risk perception and motivation for safety among these workers.
Risk perception influences how construction workers identify and respond to the hazards in their professional daily lives. In a sector with high accident rates, where workers are exposed to a multitude of risks and working conditions are constantly changing, understanding risk perception is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies and fostering an organizational safety culture. The study analyzed the risk perception of 51 workers from five Portuguese construction sites, using the psychometric paradigm, and sought to determine the extent to which risk perception translates into the adoption of safe behaviors within the sample context. A methodology based on a structured questionnaire composed of four parts was adopted: I –Risk perception, II – Safety behavior, III – Experience of accidents and occupational diseases IV – Sociodemographic characterization. The workers in the sample showed a moderate level of risk perception, both in terms of overall perception (6,3 ± 2,5, on a scale from 1 to 10), and cognitive and emotional perception. The dimensions that were found to be decisive in the workers’ overall risk perception were: severity of consequences (A5), likelihood of occurrence (A4), fear of harm (A3), and catastrophic potential of the damage (A8). No statistically significant differences in the overall risk perception were found between classes of sociodemographic variables (age, gender, educational level) or socioprofessional variables (years of experience and job role). There was also no significant correlation between workers’ overall risk perception and their experience of work accidents or the number of training hours received. The risks to which respondents considered themselves most exposed and which caused a higher, though moderate, level of concern were: falling/projected objects, fall from height, contact with sharp objects, stress, and noise exposure. The activities perceived as most risky, though moderately, were: formwork/removal and shoring, scaffolding assembly/disassembly, manual demolitions, and crane operation. Workers generally reported a good adherence to safety behavior (namely, the use of Personal Protective Equipment and compliance with safety rules and procedures), and also a good adherence to occupational health and safety training. Measures are proposed to improve risk perception and motivation for safety among these workers.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Construção civil Perceção de risco Paradigma psicométrico Comportamentos seguros Segurança no trabalho Civil construction Risk perception Psychometric paradigm Safety behavior Occupational safety