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Utilização da Terapia Celular na Doença Periodontal no Cão
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Abstract(s)
A doença periodontal é uma doença infecto-inflamatória que atinge 80 % dos cães a partir de 2 anos
de idade. É causada por uma elevada carga microbiana patogénica presente na placa dentária, que
suscita a resposta imunitária inata do hospedeiro, o que conduz à inflamação e destruição de muitos
tecidos de suporte dos dentes. Sinais clínicos como halitose, ptialismo, gengivite, exposição radicular e
da furca, mobilidade dentária e esfoliação dentária, são alguns dos sinais clínicos mais característicos
desta entidade nosológica. Para tratar a doença periodontal, geralmente parte-se de um tratamento
inicial que designamos por “Higiene profissional da cavidade oral”, que consiste na higienização das
peças dentárias ao nível supra e subgengival, seguida de curetagem, polimento e irrigação, bem como
um tratamento cirúrgico que pode recorrer à realização de vários tipos de retalhos gengivais e a várias
técnicas cirúrgicas como gengivectomia ou gengivoplastia ou mesmo regeneração tecidular guiada.
Atualmente não existe nenhum recurso terapêutico individual capaz de proporcionar um tratamento
eficaz a longo prazo e uma recuperação sustentável da homeostasia dos tecidos periodontais. No
entanto, graças aos recentes avanços da medicina regenerativa, novas perspetivas de tratamento se
perspetivam na gestão desta situação clínica, que tem consequências devastadores nos indivíduos
acometidos não só a nível local como também sistémico. Novos estudos destacam o potencial da
terapia baseada em células-tronco de origem adiposa para o estabelecimento de uma regeneração
periodontal avançada. Eles evidenciam modificações favoráveis do microbiota gengival, uma redução
substancial da inflamação e uma diminuição significativa da perda de inserção.
Periodontal disease is an infectious-inflammatory disease that affects 80% of dogs from 2 years of age. It is caused by a high pathogenic microbial load present in dental plaque, which triggers the host’s innate immune response, leading to inflammation and destruction of many of the supporting issues of the teeth. Clinical signs such as halitosis, ptyalism, gingivitis, root and furca on exposure, dental mobility, and tooth exfoliation are some of the most characteristic clinical signs of this nosological entity. To treat periodontal disease, treatment usually begins with an initial phase referred to as “Professional oral cavity hygiene”, which consists of the cleaning of dental units at the supragingival and subgingival levels, followed by cure age, polishing and irrigation, as well as a surgical treatment that may involve the execution of various types of gingival flaps and several surgical techniques such as gingivectomy or gingivoplasty, or even guided issue regeneration. Currently, there is no individual therapeutic resource capable of providing effective long-term treatment and sustainable recovery of the homeostasis of periodontal issues. However, thanks to recent advances in regenerative medicine, new treatment perspectives are emerging in the management of this clinical condition, which has devastating consequences for affected individuals, not only at the local level but also systemically. New studies highlight the potential of stem cell therapy of adipose origin for the establishment of advanced periodontal regeneration. They reveal favourable modifications of the gingival microbiota, a substantial reduction in inflammation, and a significant decrease in attachment loss.
Periodontal disease is an infectious-inflammatory disease that affects 80% of dogs from 2 years of age. It is caused by a high pathogenic microbial load present in dental plaque, which triggers the host’s innate immune response, leading to inflammation and destruction of many of the supporting issues of the teeth. Clinical signs such as halitosis, ptyalism, gingivitis, root and furca on exposure, dental mobility, and tooth exfoliation are some of the most characteristic clinical signs of this nosological entity. To treat periodontal disease, treatment usually begins with an initial phase referred to as “Professional oral cavity hygiene”, which consists of the cleaning of dental units at the supragingival and subgingival levels, followed by cure age, polishing and irrigation, as well as a surgical treatment that may involve the execution of various types of gingival flaps and several surgical techniques such as gingivectomy or gingivoplasty, or even guided issue regeneration. Currently, there is no individual therapeutic resource capable of providing effective long-term treatment and sustainable recovery of the homeostasis of periodontal issues. However, thanks to recent advances in regenerative medicine, new treatment perspectives are emerging in the management of this clinical condition, which has devastating consequences for affected individuals, not only at the local level but also systemically. New studies highlight the potential of stem cell therapy of adipose origin for the establishment of advanced periodontal regeneration. They reveal favourable modifications of the gingival microbiota, a substantial reduction in inflammation, and a significant decrease in attachment loss.
Description
Keywords
Cão Células tronco Gengivite Periodontite Tecido adiposo Terapia celular Dog Stem cells Gingivitis Periodontitis Adipose tissue Cell therapy